航空学报 > 2023, Vol. 44 Issue (3): 527124-527124   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2022.27124

脉冲星角位置强度关联测量聚焦光学系统

左富昌1(), 梅志武1, 邓楼楼1, 周昊1, 贝晓敏2, 黎月明1   

  1. 1.北京控制工程研究所,北京 100190
    2.中国空间技术研究院 钱学森空间技术实验室,北京 100094
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-08 修回日期:2022-04-02 接受日期:2022-05-06 出版日期:2023-02-15 发布日期:2022-05-19
  • 通讯作者: 左富昌 E-mail:zfch-2004@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2017YFB0503300)

Focusing optics for intensity-correlated measurement of pulsar angular position

Fuchang ZUO1(), Zhiwu MEI1, Loulou DENG1, Hao ZHOU1, Xiaomin BEI2, Yueming LI1   

  1. 1.Beijing Institute of Control Engineering,Beijing 100190,China
    2.Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology,China Academy of Space Technology,Beijing 100194,China
  • Received:2022-03-08 Revised:2022-04-02 Accepted:2022-05-06 Online:2023-02-15 Published:2022-05-19
  • Contact: Fuchang ZUO E-mail:zfch-2004@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB0503300)

摘要:

脉冲星导航为未来深空探测与导航提供一种可能途径,采用X射线强度关联方法对脉冲星角位置进行高精度测量,可适应高精度时空基准系统构建的发展需求,从理论上提高导航精度。X射线聚焦光学系统是脉冲星高精度测量与探测设备的核心部件,通过高效率聚焦实现对脉冲星极弱X射线光子流量的增强。首先,针对脉冲星角位置强度关联测量地面试验需求,开展了多层嵌套X射线聚焦光学系统的光学设计与性能分析,获得了设计参数对有效面积和角分辨率的影响关系,确定了反射镜几何参数与反射面材料;其次,确定了聚焦光学系统的总体制造误差标准,对高频误差和中低频误差分别进行了分配;然后,采用电铸镍复制工艺加工了超光滑芯轴与反射镜,测试了芯轴的粗糙度和面形误差,利用北京同步辐射光源测试了反射镜的反射率;最后,搭建了原位精密装调装置,完成了多层嵌套反射镜精密装调,实测角分辨率达到12.16″。经强度关联测量试验验证,聚焦光学系统显著提高了探测器接收的光子个数,满足脉冲星角位置强度关联测量的要求。

关键词: 脉冲星角位置, 强度关联测量, X射线聚焦光学系统, 误差分配, 加工与装调

Abstract:

Pulsar navigation provides a possible approach for deep space exploration and navigation in the future. To establish high-precision space-time datum system and improve pulsar navigation accuracy, the X-ray intensity correlation method can be adopted to realize high-precision measurement of the pulsar angular position. As the critical component of pulsar measurement and exploration instruments, the X-ray optics concentrates the weak X-ray signal from the pulsar through high-efficiency and high-resolution focusing, thus increasing the sensitivity of the instrument. Firstly, according to the ground experiment requirements of intensity-correlated measurement of pulsar angular position, the optical design of the multi-layer nested X-ray focusing optics was carried out. The effects of design parameters on the effective area and angular resolution were obtained, and the geometric parameters and reflection surface material of the mirrors were determined. Secondly, the overall manufacturing error standard for the focusing optics was determined, and the high-, low- and mid-frequency errors were allocated. Subsequently, ultra-smooth mandrels and mirrors were fabricated with the electroforming nickel replication process. The roughness and figure error of mandrels were tested, and the reflectivity of mirrors was measured with Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Finally, an in-situ alignment setup was built to precisely assemble and align the multi-layer nested mirrors to increase the effective area. The angular resolution of the focusing optics was measured to be 12.16". The intensity-correlated measurement experiment shows that the focusing optics significantly increases the number of photons received by the detector, thus satisfying the requirements for intensity-correlated measurement of pulsar angular position.

Key words: pulsar angular position, intensity-correlated measurement, X-ray focusing optics, error allocation, fabrication and alignment

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