Electronics and Electrical Engineering and Control

Hybrid active-passive fault-tolerant control for carrier landing subject to control surface effectiveness loss

  • Dapeng ZHOU ,
  • Chong ZHEN ,
  • Xiaolei QU ,
  • Fei LUO
Expand
  • 1.Flight Control Department,Shenyang Aircraft Design Research Institute,AVIC,Shenyang 110035,China
    2.School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China

Received date: 2025-07-10

  Revised date: 2025-10-16

  Accepted date: 2026-02-04

  Online published: 2026-02-27

Abstract

During the carrier landing of carrier-based aircraft, strong disturbances such as complex harsh marine environment, deck motion, and ship stern flow significantly increase the probability of control surface faults, which may degrade landing control accuracy and even lead to instantaneous flight instability. This paper integrates the advantages of passive fault-tolerant control and active fault-tolerant control, and proposes an active-passive composite fault-tolerant flight control method based on direct lift control. Firstly, to address the abrupt change in the response characteristics of carrier-based aircraft at the initial stage of control surface faults, a passive fault-tolerant control method based on predefined-time global fast terminal sliding mode is designed to ensure the instantaneous flight stability of carrier-based aircraft within a prescribed time and improve the robustness of the control system. Then, to satisfy the high-precision control requirements in the terminal landing phase, an active adaptive reconfigurable control method based on online identification is designed to enhance the attitude and trajectory tracking control capability of faulty carrier-based aircraft. Finally, mathematical simulations and engineering application simulation tests are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method under elevator and flap damage faults. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method possesses stronger robustness and better control performance than the direct-lift Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) landing control method and the single passive or active fault-tolerant control under different degrees of control surface damage.

Cite this article

Dapeng ZHOU , Chong ZHEN , Xiaolei QU , Fei LUO . Hybrid active-passive fault-tolerant control for carrier landing subject to control surface effectiveness loss[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2026 , 47(11) : 332544 -332544 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.32544

References

[1] YANG G H, WANG J L, SOH Y C. Reliable H controller design for linear systems[J]. Automatica200137(5): 717-725.
[2] TAO G, JOSHI S M, MA X. Adaptive state feedback and tracking control of systems with actuator failures[J]. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control200146(1): 78-95.
[3] WU H N. Reliable LQ fuzzy control for continuous-time nonlinear systems with actuator faults[J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), 200434(4): 1743-1752.
[4] 马亚杰, 姜斌, 任好. 航天器位姿运动一体化直接自适应容错控制研究[J]. 自动化学报202349(3): 678-686.
  MA Y J, JIANG B, REN H. Adaptive direct fault-tolerant control design for spacecraft integrated attitude and orbit system[J]. Acta Automatica Sinica202349(3): 678-686 (in Chinese).
[5] 王兴坚, 杨新宇, 王少萍. 大型民机操纵系统容错控制技术综述[J]. 机械工程学报202460(4): 50-65.
  WANG X J, YANG X Y, WANG S P. Review of fault-tolerant control for flight control system[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering202460(4): 50-65 (in Chinese).
[6] WU H N. ZHANG H.Y. Reliable mixed L2/Hfuzzy static output feedback control for nonlinear systems with sensor faults[J]. Automatica200541(11): 1924-1932.
[7] 王敏, 周东华, 陈茂银. 一类非线性系统的输出反馈容错控制[J]. 控制理论与应用200623(6): 861-866.
  WANG M, ZHOU D H, CHEN M Y. Output feedback fault-tolerant control of a class of nonlinear systems[J]. Control Theory & Applications200623(6): 861-866 (in Chinese).
[8] 罗小元, 武晓晶, 关新平. 非线性时滞系统的鲁棒完整性容错控制[J]. 弹箭与制导学报200727(5): 179-182.
  LUO X Y, WU X J, GUAN X P. Robust integrity fault-tolerant control for nonlinear time-delay systems[J]. Journal of Projectiles, Rockets, Missiles and Guidance200727(5): 179-182 (in Chinese).
[9] 王友清, 周东华. 非线性系统的鲁棒容错控制[J]. 系统工程与电子技术200628(9): 1378-1383.
  WANG Y Q, ZHOU D H. Robust fault-tolerant control of nonlinear systems[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics200628(9): 1378-1383 (in Chinese).
[10] MAO Z H, JIANG B, SHI P. Observer based fault-tolerant control for a class of nonlinear networked control systems[J]. Journal of the Franklin Institute2010347(6): 940-956.
[11] YANG H, JIANG B, STAROSWIECKI M. Supervisory fault tolerant control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems[J]. Automatica200945(10): 2319-2324.
[12] JIANG Y, HU Q L, MA G F. Adaptive backstepping fault-tolerant control for flexible spacecraft with unknown bounded disturbances and actuator failures[J]. ISA Transactions201049(1): 57-69.
[13] GUO Y Y, JIANG B, ZHANG Y M, et al. Novel robust fault diagnosis method for flight control systems[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics200819(5): 1017-1023.
[14] 姜斌, 杨浩. 飞控系统主动容错控制技术综述[J]. 系统工程与电子技术200729(12): 2106-2110.
  JIANG B, YANG H. Survey of the active fault-tolerant control for flight control system[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics200729(12): 2106-2110 (in Chinese).
[15] 王忠森, 廖宇新, 魏才盛, 等. 高超声速飞行器快速终端滑模保性能容错控制[J]. 航空学报202344(24): 328476.
  WANG Z S, LIAO Y X, WEI C S, et al. Fast terminal sliding mode fault-tolerant control of hypersonic vehicle with guaranteed performance[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica202344(24): 328476 (in Chinese).
[16] 刘浩, 黄山, 涂海燕. 基于预定义时间的四旋翼滑模控制[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报202450(5): 1665-1674.
  LIU H, HUANG S, TU H Y. Quadrotor sliding mode control based on predefined time[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics202450(5): 1665-1674 (in Chinese).
[17] 许域菲, 姜斌, 齐瑞云, 等. 基于模糊T-S自适应观测器的近空间飞行器故障诊断与容错控制[J]. 东南大学学报(自然科学版)200939(S1): 189-194.
  XU Y F, JIANG B, QI R Y, et al. T-S fuzzy adaptive observer based fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control for near space vehicle[J]. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition)200939(S1): 189-194 (in Chinese).
[18] BUSTAN D, PARIZ N, SANI S K H. Robust fault-tolerant tracking control design for spacecraft under control input saturation[J]. ISA Transactions201453(4): 1073-1080.
[19] ZHAO D, YANG H, JIANG B, et al. Attitude stabilization of a flexible spacecraft under actuator complete failure[J]. Acta Astronautica2016123: 129-136.
[20] 徐斌彦, 齐瑞云, 姚雪莲. 高超声速飞行器舵面故障Nussbaum增益自适应容错控制[J]. 战术导弹技术2017(4): 103-112.
  XU B Y, QI R Y, YAO X L. Nussbaum gain adaptive fault tolerant control for hypersonic vehicle with elevator faults[J]. Tactical Missile Technology2017(4): 103-112 (in Chinese).
[21] IJAZ S, YAN L, HAMAYUN M T, et al. Active fault tolerant control scheme for aircraft with dissimilar redundant actuation system subject to hydraulic failure[J]. Journal of the Franklin Institute2019356(3): 1302-1332.
[22] 朱齐丹, 孟雪. 舰载机纵向容错着舰系统设计[J]. 控制理论与应用201734(10): 1311-1320.
  ZHU Q D, MENG X. Fault tolerant control for longitudinal carrier landing system with application to aircraft[J]. Control Theory & Applications201734(10): 1311-1320 (in Chinese).
[23] 段海滨, 袁洋, 张秀林. 干扰和执行器故障下的舰载机着舰容错控制系统[J]. 南京航空航天大学学报202254(5): 949-957.
  DUAN H B, YUAN Y, ZHANG X L. Design of a carrier based aircraft landing fault tolerant control system with disturbances and actuator faults[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics202254(5): 949-957 (in Chinese).
[24] 杨广慧, 杜立夫, 李辉, 等. 基于BP神经网络的飞行器参数辨识与自适应控制[J]. 航天控制202139(5): 3-7.
  YANG G H, DU L F, LI H, et al. Parameter identification and adaptive control of aircraft based on BP neural network[J]. Aerospace Control202139(5): 3-7 (in Chinese).
[25] MORELLI E. Nonlinear aerodynamic modeling using multivariate orthogonal functions[C]∥Flight Simulation and Technologies. Reston: AIAA, 1993.
[26] WU C H, YAN J G, SHEN J H, et al. Predefined-time attitude stabilization of receiver aircraft in aerial refueling[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Ⅱ: Express Briefs202168(10): 3321-3325.
[27] 管萍, 蒋恒, 戈新生. 高超声速飞行器的终端滑模姿态控制[J]. 导弹与航天运载技术2017(6): 60-64.
  GUAN P, JIANG H, GE X S. Terminal sliding mode attitude control for hypersonic vehicles[J]. Missiles and Space Vehicles2017(6): 60-64 (in Chinese).
[28] 黄益绍, 庄迪. 基于干扰观测器与终端滑模的车辆纵向控制[J]. 江苏大学学报(自然科学版)202445(5): 513-520.
  HUANG Y S, ZHUANG D. Vehicle longitudinal control based on disturbance observer and terminal sliding mode[J]. Journal of Jiangsu University (Natural Science Edition)202445(5): 513-520 (in Chinese).
[29] 何胜涛, 江驹, 余朝军, 等. 基于自适应固定时间的直接升力着舰容错控制[J]. 电光与控制202330(9): 29-35, 98.
  HE S T, JIANG J, YU C J, et al. Fault-tolerant control of direct lift carrier landing based on adaptive fixed time[J]. Electronics Optics & Control202330(9): 29-35, 98 (in Chinese).
[30] 陈谋, 邹庆元, 姜长生, 等. 基于神经网络干扰观测器的动态逆飞行控制[J]. 控制与决策200823(3): 283-287.
  CHEN M, ZOU Q Y, JIANG C S, et al. Dynamical inversion flight control based on neural network disturbance observer[J]. Control and Decision200823(3): 283-287 (in Chinese).
[31] 孟雪. 舰载机故障状态下着舰容错控制策略研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工程大学, 2017.
  MENG X. Research on fault tolerant control strategy of landing with aircraft faults[D]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University, 2017 (in Chinese).
[32] 刘子博, 张冉, 薛文超, 等. 考虑弹性影响的运载火箭自抗扰减载控制方法[J]. 航空学报202546(1): 330319.
  LIU Z B, ZHANG R, XUE W C, et al. Active disturbance rejection control for load relief of launch vehicles considering elastic effects[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica202546(1): 330319 (in Chinese).
[33] LIU L, LIU Y X, ZHOU L L, et al. Cascade ADRC with neural network-based ESO for hypersonic vehicle[J]. Journal of the Franklin Institute2023360(12): 9115-9138.
[34] ZHANG S H, QI X H, YANG S. An extended state observer with adjustable bandwidth for measurement noise[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics202435(1): 233-241.
Outlines

/