ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA >
3D imaging of passive squint InISAR using target-borne illuminator of opportunity
Received date: 2024-07-23
Revised date: 2024-09-18
Accepted date: 2024-12-13
Online published: 2024-12-23
Passive radar has the advantages such as anti-interference， good concealment， low cost， etc. Compared to other passive radar system configurations， the passive radar technology that utilizes the target-borne Illuminator of Opportunity （IO） has stronger reflection signals due to closer distance between the target and the IO， making it easier to achieve target detection. So far， the passive ISAR imaging using-target borne IO has been extended to 3D InISAR imaging. However， when InISAR imaging operates in the squint-looking mode， the obtained 3D images will be distorted， and accurate 3D reconstruction results cannot be obtained. To solve this problem， a passive InISAR 3D imaging method that is suitable for the squint-looking mode is proposed. Coordinate transformation and Nonlinear Least Squares （NLS） are used to estimate the target’s 3D coordinate information in the imaging coordinate system from the distance information of the 2D ISAR image and the interferometric phases that both contain the target’s 3D coordinate information. Afterwards， coordinate transformation is performed again to obtain the 3D coordinate information of the target in the target body coordinate system， achieving 3D reconstruction of the target without squint-looking distortion. Simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed passive squint InISAR 3D imaging method， which can achieve correction of squint-looking distortion.
Jianing JIN , Ling WANG , Rui GONG , Daiyin ZHU . 3D imaging of passive squint InISAR using target-borne illuminator of opportunity[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2025 , 46(8) : 330982 -330982 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.30982
| 1 | 万显荣， 易建新， 占伟杰， 等. 基于多照射源的被动雷达研究进展与发展趋势［J］. 雷达学报， 2020， 9（6）： 939-958. |
| WAN X R， YI J X， ZHAN W J， et al. Research progress and development trend of the multi-illuminator-based passive radar［J］. Journal of Radars， 2020， 9（6）： 939-958 （in Chinese）. | |
| 2 | SAINI R， CHERNIAKOV M. DTV signal ambiguity function analysis for radar application?［J］. IEE Proceedings-Radar， Sonar and Navigation， 2005， 152（3）： 133. |
| 3 | POULLIN D. Passive detection using digital broadcasters （DAB， DVB） with COFDM modulation［J］. IEE Proceedings-Radar， Sonar and Navigation， 2005， 152（3）： 143-152. |
| 4 | THOMAS J M， GRIFFITHS H D， BAKER C J. Ambiguity function analysis of Digital Radio Mondiale signals for HF passive bistatic radar?［J］. Electronics Letters， 2006， 42（25）： 1482-1483. |
| 5 | COLEMAN C， YARDLEY H. Passive bistatic radar based on target illuminations by digital audio broadcasting［J］. IET Radar， Sonar & Navigation， 2008， 2（5）： 366-375. |
| 6 | TAN D K P， SUN H， LU Y， et al. Passive radar using Global System for Mobile communication signal： Theory， implementation and measurements?［J］. IEE Proceedings-Radar， Sonar and Navigation， 2005， 152（3）： 116-123. |
| 7 | ZEMMARI R， DAUN M， NICKEL U. Maritime surveillance using GSM passive radar［C］?∥2012 13th International Radar Symposium. Piscataway： IEEE Press， 2012： 76-82. |
| 8 | GUO H， WOODBRIDGE K， BAKER C J. Evaluation of WiFi beacon transmissions for wireless based passive radar?［C］?∥2008 IEEE Radar Conference. Piscataway： IEEE Press， 2008： 1-6. |
| 9 | COLONE F， FALCONE P， LOMBARDO P， et al. Ambiguity function side-lobes reduction in WiFi-based passive bistatic radar?［C］?∥Riunione Annuale GTTI 2009. Parma： GTTI， 2009. |
| 10 | COLONE F， FALCONE P， BONGIOANNI C， et al. WiFi-based passive bistatic radar： Data processing schemes and experimental results［J］. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems， 2012， 48（2）： 1061-1079. |
| 11 | PISCIOTTANO I， CRISTALLINI D， PASTINA D. Maritime target imaging via simultaneous DVB-T and DVB-S passive ISAR［J］. IET Radar， Sonar & Navigation， 2019， 13（9）： 1479-1487. |
| 12 | PISCIOTTANO I， SANTI F， PASTINA D， et al. DVB-S based passive polarimetric ISAR： Methods and experimental validation?［J］. IEEE Sensors Journal， 2021， 21（5）： 6056-6070. |
| 13 | MA H， ANTONIOU M， CHERNIAKOV M. Passive GNSS-based SAR resolution improvement using joint Galileo E5 signals?［J］. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters， 2015， 12（8）： 1640-1644. |
| 14 | MA H， ANTONIOU M， STOVE A G， et al. Maritime moving target localization using passive GNSS-based multistatic radar［J］. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing， 2018， 56（8）： 4808-4819. |
| 15 | SANTI F， PIERALICE F， PASTINA D. Joint detection and localization of vessels at sea with a GNSS-based multistatic radar［J］. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing， 2019， 57（8）： 5894-5913. |
| 16 | PASTINA D， SANTI F， PIERALICE F， et al. Passive radar imaging of ship targets with GNSS signals of opportunity［J］. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing， 2021， 59（3）： 2627-2642. |
| 17 | NAKAMURA S， SUWA K， MORITA S， et al. An experimental study of enhancement of the cross-range resolution of ISAR imaging using ISDB-T digital TV based passive bistatic radar［C］?∥2011 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Piscataway： IEEE Press， 2011： 2837-2840. |
| 18 | WANG Y S， BAO Q L， WANG D H， et al. An experimental study of passive bistatic radar using uncooperative radar as a transmitter［J］. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters， 2015， 12（9）： 1868-1872. |
| 19 | SONG J， CAI F Q， ZHANG C S， et al. Experimental results of maritime moving target detection based on passive bistatic radar using non-cooperative radar illuminators［J］. The Journal of Engineering， 2019， 2019（20）： 6763-6766. |
| 20 | MARTORELLA M， GIUSTI E， NEL W. Passive ISAR using target-borne illuminators of opportunity［C］?∥International Conference on Radar Systems （Radar 2017）. London： IET， 2017： 1-5. |
| 21 | GIUSTI E， MARTORELLA M. Passive 3D interferometric ISAR using target-borne illuminator of opportunity［J］. IET Radar， Sonar & Navigation， 2019， 13（2）： 190-197. |
| 22 | 李丽亚， 刘宏伟， 纠博， 等. 斜视干涉逆合成孔径雷达成像算法［J］. 西安交通大学学报， 2008， 42（10）： 1290-1294. |
| LI L Y， LIU H W， JIU B， et al. An interferometric inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging algorithm for squint model［J］. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University， 2008， 42（10）： 1290-1294 （in Chinese）. | |
| 23 | LIU C L， HE F， GAO X Z， et al. Squint-mode InISAR imaging based on nonlinear least square and coordinates transform?［J］. Science China Technological Sciences， 2011， 54（12）： 3332-3340. |
| 24 | GONG R， WANG L， ZHU D Y. A novel approach for squint InISAR imaging with dual-antenna configuration［J］. Digital Signal Processing， 2022， 127： 103592. |
| 25 | CHEN V C， MARTORELLA M. 逆合成孔径雷达成像［M］. 胡明春， 孙俊， 译. 北京： 国防工业出版社， 2020： 43-47. |
| CHEN V C， MARTORELLAM. Inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging［M］. HU C M， SUN J， translated. Beijing： National Defense Industry Press， 2020： 43-47 （in Chinese）. | |
| 26 | PETRI D， MOSCARDINI C， MARTORELLA M， et al. Performance analysis of the batches algorithm for range-Doppler map formation in passive bistatic radar［C］?∥IET International Conference on Radar Systems （Radar 2012）. London： IET， 2012： 1-4. |
| 27 | MELVIN W L， SCHEER J. Principles of modern radar Advanced techniques ［M］. London： IET， 2012：259-335. |
| 28 | BERTHILLOT C， SANTORI A， RABASTE O， et al. Improving BEM channel estimation for airborne passive radar reference signal reconstruction［C］?∥2015 16th International Radar Symposium （IRS）. Piscataway： IEEE Press， 2015： 77-82. |
| 29 | COLONE F， CARDINALI R， LOMBARDO P， et al. Space-time constant modulus algorithm for multipath removal on the reference signal exploited by passive bistatic radar［J］. IET Radar， Sonar & Navigation， 2009， 3（3）： 253-264. |
| 30 | 张财生， 何友， 唐小明， 等. 非合作双基地雷达发射天线扫描调制影响分析［J］. 系统工程与电子技术， 2011， 33（5）： 1023-1026. |
| ZHANG C S， HE Y， TANG X M， et al. Analysis of effect of transmit antenna scanning modulation on non-cooperative bistatic radar?［J］. Systems Engineering and Electronics， 2011， 33（5）： 1023-1026 （in Chinese）. | |
| 31 | MARTORELLA M， STAGLIANO D， SALVETTI F， et al. 3D interferometric ISAR imaging of noncooperative targets?［J］. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems， 2014， 50（4）： 3102-3114. |
| 32 | WANG J， WANG L， SHENG J L， et al. Passive distributed aperture radar imaging method based on unknown waveform modeling?［C］?∥2019 6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar （APSAR）. Piscataway： IEEE Press， 2019： 1-7. |
| 33 | WANG L， YAZICI B. Passive imaging of a non-cooperative moving RF emitter using sparsely distributed receivers?［C］?∥2013 IEEE Radar Conference （RadarCon13）. Piscataway： IEEE Press， 2013： 1-4. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
CJA