Time-Limited Dispatch (TLD) can improve the reliability of aircraft dispatch and reduce operational losses caused by flight delays or cancellations. A Markov model of a typical engine control system is established for TLD analysis, a steady-state frequency formula is derived using a Continuous-Time Markov Chain (CTMC), and a system unit time cost model is constructed. Taking average safety requirements and dispatch reliability requirements as constraints, failure dispatch time as decision variables, and the system unit time cost and dispatch reliability as optimization goals, we establish the single and multiple goals of TLD analysis. An engineering application example is given to verify the effectiveness of the model by combining the simplified engine control system and the Full Authority Digital Electronic Control (FADEC) system. Examples show that the proposed method can reduce operating costs while ensuring the satisfaction of the safety and dispatch reliability requirements of the aircraft.
HAN Bing
,
LU Zhong
,
ZHANG Ziwen
,
YI Yang
,
LI Chao
. Operational cost optimization method for time-limited dispatch of engine control system[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2021
, 42(9)
: 324794
-324794
.
DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2020.24794
[1] SAE International Group. ARP5107C, Guidelines for time-limited dispatch (TLD) analysis for electronic engine control systems[S]. Warrendale:Society of Automotive Engineers, 2018:8-58.
[2] United States Department of Transportation. Code of federal regulation part 25(amendment 25-123) airworthiness standards:Transport category airplanes[S]. Washington, D.C.:Federal Aviation Administration, 2007:§25.1309.
[3] European Aviation Safety Agency. CS-E (Amendment 3) Certification specifications for engines[S]. Koln:European Aviation Safety Agency, 2010:1-D-1-1-D-2.
[4] United States Department of Transportation. AC33.28-3 Guidance material for 14 CFR33.28 engine control systems[S]. Washington, D.C.:Federal Aviation Administration, 2014:13.
[5] 闫锋. 民用航空发动机控制系统时间限制派遣方法[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2014, 14(28):148-152, 158. YAN F. A method on time-limited dispatch for the control system of civil aero-engine[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2014, 14(28):148-152, 158(in Chinese).
[6] 张同号, 陆中, 周伽, 等. 双余度系统带故障运行周期决策方法[J]. 航空计算技术, 2015, 45(5):33-35, 40. ZHANG T H, LU Z, ZHOU J, et al. Operation interval decision method for dual redundant systems operating with faults[J]. Aeronautical Computing Technique, 2015, 45(5):33-35, 40(in Chinese).
[7] CAI J, HU W, CAI K Y. Accuracy analysis of a single-fault Markov model for FADEC system[J]. Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2019, 30(5):1044-1052.
[8] 孙杨慧, 杨坤, 侯乃先, 等. FADEC系统限时派遣及维修性分析[J]. 系统工程, 2017, 35(6):152-158. SUN Y H, YANG K, HOU N X, et al. TLD and maintainability analysis of FADEC system[J]. Systems Engineering, 2017, 35(6):152-158(in Chinese).
[9] 吴幸星. 发动机电子控制系统限时降级放行建模方法研究[D]. 天津:中国民航大学, 2018:20-23. WU X X. Study on the modeling approaches of time-limited dispatch of electronic engine control system[D]. Tianjin:Civil Aviation University of China, 2018:20-23(in Chinese).
[10] PRESCOTT D R, ANDREWS J D. Aircraft safety modeling for time-limited dispatch[C]//Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium. Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2005:139-145.
[11] PRESCOTT D, ANDREWS J D. A comparison of modelling approaches for the time-limited dispatch (TLD) of aircraft[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O:Journal of Risk and Reliability, 2006, 220(1):9-20.
[12] PRESCOTT D R, ANDREWS J D. The safe dispatch of aircraft with known faults[J]. International Journal of Performability Engineering, 2008, 4(3):null.
[13] PRESCOTT D, ANDREWS J. Monte Carlo simulation modelling of aircraft dispatch with known faults[C]//20098th International Conference on Reliability, Maintainability and Safety. Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2009:532-535.
[14] 陆中, 戎翔, 周伽, 等. 基于蒙特卡罗仿真的FADEC系统多故障TLD分析方法[J]. 航空学报, 2015, 36(12):3970-3979. LU Z, RONG X, ZHOU J, et al. TLD analysis method of dispatch with multiple faults based on Monte Carlo simulation for FADEC system[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2015, 36(12):3970-3979(in Chinese).
[15] 蔡景, 胡维, 陈曦. 全修复策略下FADEC系统多故障TLD仿真分析[J]. 航空动力学报, 2020, 35(4):823-831. CAI J, HU W, CHEN X. TLD simulation analysis with multiple faults for FADEC system under full repair policy[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2020, 35(4):823-831(in Chinese).
[16] LU Z, LIANG X H, ZUO M J, et al. Markov process based time limited dispatch analysis with constraints of both dispatch reliability and average safety levels[J]. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 2017, 167:84-94.
[17] ZHONG L, JIA Z,LI X N. Monte Carlo simulation based time limited dispatch of FADEC systems with consideration of dispatch reliability[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2017, 72:397-408.
[18] 陆中, 李乃鑫, 周伽, 等. 发动机控制系统时间限制派遣分析的若干可靠性理论问题[J]. 推进技术, 2018, 39(3):667-675. LU Z, LI N X, ZHOU J, et al. On reliability theory of time limited dispatch analysis in engine control systems[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2018, 39(3):667-675(in Chinese).
[19] ELSAYED A. 可靠性工程[M].杨舟,译. 北京:电子工业出版社, 2013:182-183. ELSAYED A.Reliability engineering[M]. YANG Z,translator Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2013:182-183(in Chinese).
[20] 曹晋华, 程侃. 可靠性数学引论[M]. 2版. 北京:高等教育出版社, 2006. CAO J H, CHENG K. Introduction to reliability mathematics[M]. 2nd ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press, 2006(in Chinese).
[21] FAA. Time limited dispatch (TLD) authorization for full authority digital electronic control (FADEC) engines[S]. MMEL policy letter 45 revision 2, 2004.
[22] 李乃鑫. 基于贝叶斯网络的FADEC系统安全性分析方法[D]. 南京:南京航空航天大学, 2017:9-11. LI N X. Research on safety analysis approach of FADEC system based on Bayesian network[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017:9-11(in Chinese).