To alleviate the high local pressure and heat loads caused by cavities or imperfections on hypersonic vehicle surfaces, we investigate rarefied hypersonic flows over cavities at an altitude of 80 km using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC), examining the effects of Gas-Surface Interaction (GSI) models on flow characteristics inside the cavity, surface pressure and heat flux over the cavity surfaces. Results show that, in the rarefied regime (80 km), one primary vortex is formed as a result of shear layer separation and reattachment. In addition, as the GSI changes from perfect diffuse reflections to pure specular reflections, the exchanges of momentum in the tangent direction between the incident gas molecules and the cavity surfaces weaken, i.e. the viscous shear effects are weakened, lessening the ability of the external gas to penetrate deeper into the cavity. Therefore, the vortex inside the cavity progressively diminishes till ultimately disappears, leaving behind a so-called "dead-water region" at the bottom of the cavity. In comparison with the perfect-diffuse case, pure or near specular reflection causes a significant increase in the peak pressure and heat flux on the front wall of the cavity, and the peak pressure on the aft wall. Therefore, much attention should be paid to the pressure and heat loads on the aforementioned surfaces in the aerodynamic design.
JIN Xuhong
,
HUANG Fei
,
CHENG Xiaoli
,
SU Penghui
. Effect of Maxwell gas-surface interaction models on flow characteristics and thermodynamic properties of rarefied hypersonic cavity flows[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2021
, 42(3)
: 124118
-124118
.
DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2020.24118
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