The vertical loading method for the structural test of the civil aircraft is investigated. A comparison of three loading schemes (based on the skin tension pads, the monolayer cabin floor structure and the double-deck cabin floor structure) shows that the loading scheme based on the double-deck cabin floor structure is more applicable as it can provide better stress simulation for the frame structure. A double-deck bi-directional loading technology based on the airliner cabin floor structure is then proposed. By developing a loading strategy and related loading device design technique, effective fuselage loading under different test cases with fixed lever ratio loading system is realized. The loading device design is proved to be capable of engineering application as it performed a load error of less than 1% in the full-scale verification test. The technology has successfully improved the quality and efficiency of the airworthiness verification test of a certain aircraft, providing technical references for similar tests.
[1] 航空工业中国飞机强度研究所. 航空结构强度技术[M]. 北京:航空工业出版社, 2013:357. AVIC Aircraft Strength Research Institute. Aircraft structure strength technology[M]. Beijing:Aviation Industry Press, 2013:357(in Chinese).
[2] 冯振宇. 运输类飞机适航要求解读:第二卷结构[M]. 北京:航空工业出版社, 2013:9-20. FENG Z Y. Transport category airplane airworthiness standard interpretation:Vol.2 Structure[M]. Beijing:Aviation Industry Press, 2013:9-20(in Chinese).
[3] 强宝平. 飞机结构强度地面试验[M]. 北京:航空工业出版社, 2014:159-162. QIANG B P. Ground testing for aircraft structure[M]. Beijing:Aviation Industry Press, 2014:159-162(in Chinese).
[4] 范瑞娟, 王新波, 杨剑锋. 通用飞机全尺寸疲劳试验验证技术[J]. 航空科学技术, 2016, 27(6):57-61. FAN R J, WANG X B, YANG J F. Technique of the full-scale fatigue verification test for general aircraft[J]. Aeronautical Science & Technology, 2016, 27(6):57-61(in Chinese).
[5] 吴波, 舒成辉. 基于可靠性准则的飞机结构强度验证方法研究[J]. 航空科学技术, 2016, 27(3):41-45. WU B, SHU C H. Research on certification method for aircraft structural strength based on reliability criterion[J]. Aeronautical Science & Technology, 2016, 27(3):41-45(in Chinese).
[6] 薛景川, 薛铁军, 郑旻仲. 原苏联民航飞机耐久性和损伤容限设计与试验技术发展概况[J]. 航空学报, 1993:14(3):A202-A204. XUE J C, XUE T J, ZHENG M Z. The general situation of design and test technique development on civil aircraft durability and damage tolerance of previous USSR[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautic Sinica, 1993, 14(3):A202-A204(in Chinese).
[7] 王生楠. 飞机结构设计及强度专业发展研究[C]//航空科学技术学科发展报告. 北京:中国科学技术出版社, 2014:62-83. WANG S N. Advances in aircraft structural design and strength[C]//Report of Advances in Aeronautical Science and Technology. Beijing:China Science and Technology Press, 2014:62-83(in Chinese).
[8] 刘兴科, 刘冰, 张建锋. 全尺寸飞机大展弦比机翼静力试验技术研究[J]. 工程与试验, 2014, 54(1):17-21. LIU X K, LIU B, ZHANG J F. Study on static test technology for high-aspect ratio wing of full scale aircraft[J]. Engineering & Test, 2014, 54(1):17-21(in Chinese).
[9] 王逾涯, 李岷, 陈群志, 等. 飞机结构静强度与疲劳试验双向加载技术研究[J]. 实验室研究与探索, 2007, 26(11):311-313. WANG Y Y, LI M, CHEN Q Z, et.al. Research on an aircraft structure loading apply technique[J]. Research and Exploration in Laboratory, 2007, 26(11):311-313(in Chinese).
[10] 卓轶, 吕媛波, 张文东. 飞机结构强度试验中拉压垫加载技术研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2016, 16(2):244-248. ZHUO Y, LV Y B, ZHANG W D. The research of tension/compression pad load technique in structure strength test[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2016, 16(2):244-248(in Chinese).
[11] 杜星, 冯建民, 贺谦. 全机结构试验起落架随动加载技术研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2017, 17(2):288-292. DU X, FENG J M, HE Q. Self-adaptable technique for undercarriage in full scale aircraft structure test[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2017, 17(2):288-292(in Chinese).
[12] LIU B, ZHANG L, XIA F. Research of weight deduction in full-scale aircraft static strength test[C]//2014 Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Aerospace Technology. Beijing:CSAA, 2014:1-5.
[13] 刘冰, 夏峰, 张建峰, 等. 全尺寸飞机静强度试验扣重技术研究[C]//第六届中国航空学会青年科技论坛论文集(上册). 北京:航空工业出版社, 2014:425-429. LIU B, XIA F, ZHANG J F, et al. Research of weight deduct of static test of full scale aircraft[C]//Proceedings of the 6th CSAA Youth Science and Technology Form (Book 1). Beijing:Aviation Industry Press, 2014:425-429(in Chinese).
[14] XU Z. Digital simulation of full scale static test of aircraft[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2005, 18(2):138-141.
[15] DING Y B, WANG H, CHEN X H, Multi-domain parallel computing for strength analysis of whole aircraft model[J]. Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, 2011, 4(9):546-549.
[16] OSTERGAARD M G, IBBOTSON A R, ROUX O L, et al. Virtual testing of aircraft structures[J]. CEAS Aeronautical Journal, 2011, 1(1-4):83.
[17] LIN L X, MOU H L, REN J, et al. The static strength reliability analysis of composite aircraft structures[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014, 488-489:1215-1218.
[18] 牛春匀. 实用飞机结构工程设计[M]. 北京:航空工业出版社, 2008:477-502. NIU C Y. Airframe structural design[M]. Beijing:Aviation Industry Press, 2008:477-502(in Chinese).
[19] 孙洁琼. 民用飞机客舱地板横梁结构研究[J]. 民用飞机设计与研究, 2016, 120(1):1-4. SUN J Q. Research on cabin floor cross beam structure for commercial aircraft[J]. Civil Aircraft Design & Research, 2016, 120(1):1-4(in Chinese).
[20] 张兆斌, 李明强, 李健. 大型运输机全机静力试验总体规划与实施研究[J]. 航空科学技术, 2015, 26(10):25-27. ZHANG Z B, LI M Q, LI J. Research on comprehensive planning and implementation for full-scale static test of large transporter[J]. Aeronautical Science & Technology, 2015, 26(10):25-27(in Chinese).
[21] 谢殿煌, 许光磊. 大型民用飞机全机系统地面综合验证试验平台研究[J]. 航空科学技术, 2015, 26(8):38-42. XIE D H, XU G L. Study on large civil aircraft's all aircraft systems integration verification test platform[J]. Aeronautical Science & Technology, 2015, 26(8):38-42(in Chinese).
[22] 王正平, 韩鸿源. 飞机结构试验载荷演算方法研究[J]. 西北工业大学学报, 1999, 17(4):649-652. WANG Z P, HAN H Y. A method for load calculation in aircraft structure test[J]. Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 1999, 17(4):649-652(in Chinese).
CJA