The topography and near-surface microstructure of TC4 Ti alloy treated by electron beam surfi-sculptTM were studied. It was found that the non-smooth surface of TC4 alloy exhibited wave shaped grooves with sizes able to be customized by adjusting processing parameters. The ridge of the groove displayed continuous scales while the valley presented inverted V shape stripes. The dimensions of the ridge and valley are also related to and could be controlled by processing parameters. The near-surface region of TC4 alloy treated by electron beam surfi-sculptTM is occupied by the fusion zone, heat affected zone and base metal from the top down to the underlying bulk alloy. The microstructure of the fusion zone is characterized by martensite phase, while the heat affected zone sandwiched between the fusion zone and the base metal also presented microstructures different from that of the base metal. The fusion zone and heat affected zone possesses higher micro-hardness compared with the base metal, with the maximum value appearing at the interface between the fusion zone and the heat affected zone. A fluid-drag reduction efficiency over 15% is achieved on TC4 alloys treated by electron beam surfi-sculptTM.
LI Kai
,
FU Pengfei
,
TANG Daibin
,
WU Bing
,
TANG Zhenyun
. Topography and near-surface microstructure of TC4 alloy treated by electron beam surfi-sculptTM[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2017
, 38(12)
: 421361
-421361
.
DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2017.421361
[1] 丛茜, 封云, 任露泉. 仿生非光滑沟槽形状对减阻效果的影响[J]. 水动力学研究与进展, 2006, 21(2):232-238. CONG Q, FENG Y, REN L Q. Affecting of riblets shape of nonsmooth surface on drag reduction[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 2016, 21(2):232-238(in Chinese).[2] CHOI K S. Turbulence control by passive means[M]. 1990:109-121.[3] SUZUKI Y, KASAGI N. Turbulent drag reduction mechanism above a riblet surface[J]. AIAA Journal, 1994, 32(9):1781-1790.[4] DEAN B, BHUSHAN B H. Shark-skin surfaces for fluid-drag reduction in turbulent flow:A review[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A:Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 2010, 368(1929):4775-4806.[5] JUNG Y C, BHUSHAN B. Biomimetic structures for fluid drag reduction in laminar and turbulent flows[J]. Journal of Physics:Condensed Matter:an Institute of Physics Journal, 2010, 22(3):035104.[6] WALSH M J, LINDEMANN A M. Optimization and application of riblets for turbulent drag reduction[M]. Reston, VA:AIAA, 1984.[7] 张成春, 任露泉, 刘庆平, 等. 旋成体仿生凹坑表面减阻试验研究[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2008, 26(1):79-84. ZHANG C C, REN L Q, LIU Q P, et al. Experimental study on bionic dimpled surfaces of bodies of revolution for drag reduction[J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2008, 26(1):79-84(in Chinese).[8] DANCE B G I. Surface modification:USA. WO/2002/094497 A3[P].2002-11-28.[9] DANCE B G I, KELLAR E J C. Workpiece structure modification:USA. WO/2004/028731 A1[P]. 2004-04-08.[10] BLACKBURN J E, HILTON P A. Low power laser surfi-sculpt[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2011, 40(S4):147-150.[11] EARL C, HILTON P, O'NEILL B. Parameter influence on surfi-sculpt processing efficiency[J]. Physics Procedia, 2012, 39:327-335.[12] XU H, ZHAO H, WANG X, et al. Computational fluid dynamics simulation of electron beam surfi-sculpt process[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2013, 42(S2):155-158.[13] XIONG W, BLACKMAN B, DEAR J P, et al. The effect of composite orientation on the mechanical properties of hybrid joints strengthened by surfi-sculpt[J]. Composite Structures, 2015, 134:587-592.[14] 余伟, 王西昌, 巩水利, 等. 快速扫描电子束加工技术及其在航空制造领域的潜在应用[J]. 航空制造技术, 2010(16):44-47. YU W, WANG X C, GONG S L, et al. Electron beam processing technology and its potential application within aviation industry[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2010(16):44-47(in Chinese).[15] BUXTON A L, DANCE B G I. The potential of EB surface processing within the aero-space industry[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2011, 40(S4):155-159.[16] WANG X, GONG S, GUO E, et al. Primary study on electron beam surfi-sculpt of Ti-6Al-4V[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2012, 418-420:772-776.[17] WANG X, GUO E, GONG S, et al. Realization and experimental analysis of electron beam surfi-sculpt on Ti-6Al-4V alloy[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2014, 43(4):819-822.[18] WANG X, AHN J, BAI Q, et al. Effect of forming parameters on electron beam Surfi-Sculpt protrusion for Ti-6Al-4V[J]. Material and Design, 2015, 76:202-206.[19] LI K, WANG X, FU P, et al. Investigation of forming process during electron beam Surfi-SculptTM[J]. Electrontechnica & Electronica, 2016, 51(5-6):48-53.[20] LI K. Origins and evolution of near-surface microstructures and their influence on the optical property of AA3104 aluminium alloy[D]. Manchester:The University of Manchester, 2013.[21] LI K, FU P, TANG D, et al. Electron beam processed surface textures on titanium alloys for fluid-drag reduction[J/OL]. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, (2017-06-22)[2017-08-08]. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00170-017-0619-0.[22] LI K, FU P, WU B, et al. Formation mechanisms of electron beam processed surface textures on titanium alloys[J]. Advances in Engineering Research, 2017, 102(2):379-384.[23] LI K, ZHOU X, THOMPSON G, et al. Evolution of near-surface deformed layers on AA3104 aluminium alloy[J]. Materials Science Forum, 2013, 765:358-362.[24] SCHULTZ H. Electron beam welding[M]. 1994.