In order to decompose maintenance-free operating periods (MFOP) parameters and realize them in the development of military aircraft, the factors for MFOP implementation, such as basic reliability, fault prediction, system reconfiguration and redundancy design, are mathematically modeled. An MFOP decomposition approach is proposed which can provide a basis for MFOP decomposition from utility parameters to contract parameters, and serve as theoretical guidance for MFOP index analysis and aircraft reliability design.