Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 531446.doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.31446
• Electronics and Electrical Engineering and Control • Previous Articles
Received:2024-10-28
Revised:2024-11-19
Accepted:2024-12-25
Online:2025-01-08
Published:2025-01-07
Contact:
Zhengyu SONG
E-mail:zycalt12@sina.com
Supported by:CLC Number:
Zhengyu SONG. Promoting continuous innovation in space transportation systems: Control technologies and challenges[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(6): 531446.
Table 2
Problems faced in flight control
| 因素 | 问题 |
|---|---|
| 弹性控制 | ①仅用1~2阶模态不足以表征火箭的特性 ②模型参数取值只有大致范围,且随时间变化很大 ③若取消模态试验完全依靠数值仿真计算模态特性,误差将进一步放大 ④低频与刚体频率接近时,惯性测量信息将会受到“污染”,不足以反应刚体的运动特性和飞行状态 |
| 晃动控制 | ①推进剂晃动频率随着箭体直径的增大而降低 ②若晃幅增大,有可能导致发动机提前关机;并呈现非线性的晃动特性,这区别于弹簧振子模型,且该特性还未被很好地理解 |
| 减载控制 | ①过载与风攻角均会导致气动载荷增大 ②减载需求往往与制导指令跟踪精度甚至飞行稳定性相矛盾 ③缺乏适用于火箭飞行剖面的攻角传感器 |
| 气动控制 | ①风洞试验无法模拟火箭完整的飞行剖面 ②火箭快速穿越不同的高度,在每一高度没有足够的停留时间,且每次飞行剖面也不一样,难以在飞行过程中在线辨识参数 |
Table 3
Problems faced by modern control methods
| 因素 | 问题 |
|---|---|
| H∞优化 | 考虑了最坏情况,但对绝大部分工况而言,设计可能偏于保守 |
| 模型参考自适应控制 | 随着质量的消耗,火箭模型特性变化很大;考虑刚体模型的居多,虽然近年来出现了一些考虑1~2阶低阶弹性模态的方法,但需要先验的模型参数,对更多模态的适应性还未得到验证 |
| L1自适应输出反馈控制 | 面临模型参考自适应控制相同的问题,是否能有效处理减载需求还待研究 |
| 滑模控制 | 要求传感器的信息是准确的,这很难适应存在弹性模态的情况。采用滑模观测器是解决措施之一,但需要模态参数的先验信息,且对这些信息的准确度要求较高 |
| 非线性动态逆 | 需要系统的完整状态或者以某种方式近似描述该系统;若系统模型仅部分已知,则需要首先识别系统模型,在考虑弹性模态时难以保证传感器有足够的精度 |
| 反步控制 | 需系统模型的完整知识;刚体的状态变量及其微分信号将受到弹性模态的影响;若考虑“刚性-弹性”特征的完整模型,状态变量的微分可能会导致“复杂度暴增” |
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