分布式地面微波能量驱动的高空超长航时一体化无人飞行系统设计

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2023.29982

Abstract

Abstract:

High altitude super long endurance UAVs have important application values in the fields of wide view reconnaissance， communication relay， emergency rescue， etc. To achieve true super long endurance flight， a high-altitude unmanned flight system based on ground distributed launched microwave energy devices is proposed by utilizing the advantages of long-range transmission and low attenuation of 5.8 GHz microwave. The flight system mainly includes the flight part （rectenna）， distributed transmission part， and high-precision guidance and tracking system for the interconnection of heaven and earth. The rectenna adopts a microstrip patch antenna fed by coplanar waveguides. The receiving antenna and rectifier circuit are put on the two sides of a layer of dielectric substrate. The rectifier circuit is optimized based on a direct through filter of a coplanar wave-guide， forming a circularly polarized rectifier array. The conversion efficiency of microwave to direct current is simulated to exceed 50%. The rectenna is fused with the body of the UAV in an approximate composite sandwich structure， forming a replaceable circular antenna area in the flat area of the lower part of the body. An after-loaded airfoil with a flat lower surface is used in this wingbody-rectenna region， and an optimized high-lift airfoil is applied in the outer sections of the UAV to ensure the overall efficiency of the UAV. The microwave launched antenna adopts a distributed transmitting array that is divided into several single parts and driven by servo systems to track the flight platform， and composites a microwave coverage area at the altitude of 18 km. The simulation data show that the beam collection efficiency of the launched system can reach up to 80%. The tracking guidance system also uses the distributed locating strategy， which can achieve ultra-high precision location of the UAV with an altitude of 30 m by combining with the extended Kalman filtering algorithm. A 1∶6.7 scaled model is designed to test the developed system. The scaled UAV with rectenna arrays flies through the microwave coverage area generated by a single ground launched antenna with 80 W total power， and the rectenna successfully achieves and transmits the power of the microwave at an altitude of 8 m， which indicates the feasibility of the system proposed.

Key words: high altitude UAV, super long endurance, microwave energy transmission, distributed launch, integrated rectenna, track and guide

CLC Number:

V279.3

Baigang MI, Hao ZHAN, Liwei SONG, Guodong QIN, Yangping DENG. Integrated design of high altitude super long endurance UAV system driven by distributed ground microwave power[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(17): 529982-529982.

Figures/Tables 36

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Table 1

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Table 3

Table 4

Antenna aperture between transmit antenna and rectenna

$B C E$ /%	$L$ /km	$D t D r$ /m²	$D r$ /m	$D t$ /m
90	18	1 800	2	900
			3	600
			4	450
			5	360
			6	300

Table 4

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照射功率密度/（W·m^-2）	天线辐射效率/%	整流电路输入功率/dB	整流电路效率/%	输出功率密度/（W·m^-2）	RF-DC转换效率/%
600	86.3	28.00	72.3	374	62.4
650		28.36	72.3	406	62.4
700		28.68	72.3	437	62.4
800		29.25	71.8	495	61.9

频率/GHz	d_y /mm	轴比/dB	增益/dB
5.8	0.1	5.16	5.82
	0.2	4.68	5.89
	0.3	4.93	5.97
	0.4	4.91	5.76
	0.5	4.39	5.34

参数	优化值
天线上玻纤厚度/mm	0.12
上泡沫厚度/mm	1
下泡沫厚度/mm	1
天线下玻纤厚度/mm	0.12
轴比/dB	5.2
增益/dB	5.99
前梁最大高度/mm	1 426
结构质量/kg	137
机体上碳纤厚度/mm	0.1
上泡沫厚度/mm	1.2
下泡沫厚度/mm	1.9
机体下碳纤厚度/mm	0.1
1.5 g过载翼梢最大变形/m	1.2
后梁最大高度/mm	1 005

[1]	. Integrated design of an high altitude super long endurance UAV system driven by distributed ground microwave power [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 0, (): 0-0.
[2]	GAO Ming, YU Weichen, WANG Shanshan, WANG Rongchuang, SHI Jianjiang. Multidimensional coupled modeling for solar powered UAV energy system [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2021, 42(7): 224461-224461.

Integrated design of high altitude super long endurance UAV system driven by distributed ground microwave power

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