Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 529697-529697.doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2023.29697
• Reviews • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:
2023-09-04
Revised:
2023-09-22
Accepted:
2023-12-19
Online:
2024-03-15
Published:
2023-12-26
Contact:
Lingcai HUANG
E-mail:huanglc003@avic.com
CLC Number:
Lingcai HUANG. Review of nondestructive testing methods for fiber⁃reinforced polymer composites[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(5): 529697-529697.
Table 1
Damage diagnostics in composite structures using acoustic emission
文献 | 测试类型 | 应用方法 | 使用参数 | 损伤识别模式 | 损伤定位 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[ | 准静态压痕和低速冲击 | Sentry函数法、小波包变换 | 能量 | 纤维断裂 | × |
[ | 拉伸 | 能量累积 | 分层 | √ | |
[ | 拉伸 | 模态声发射连续小波变换 | 能量 | √ | |
[ | Ⅱ型准静态和疲劳 | 能量 | 尖和条纹 | × | |
[ | 拉伸和弯曲 | K均值 | 事件 | 界面破坏 | × |
[ | 疲劳 | 小波包分解 | 事件 | 基体裂纹、纤维/基体界面脱粘、 粘接接头剪切破坏、纤维断裂 | √ |
[ | 三点弯曲 | 玻璃纤维增强聚合物 | b值、升角、平均频率、 频率谱密度和c值 | × | |
[ | 拉伸 | 统计多变量分析 | 事件 | 基体裂纹 | × |
[ | 拉伸 | K均值和主元分析 | 振幅和峰值频率 | 基体开裂、纤维/基材撕裂、分层纤维断裂 | √ |
[ | 弯曲 | ΔT测绘 | 事件 | 脱粘、纤维失效 | √ |
[ | 拉伸 | 聚类分析方法 | 事件 | 基体裂纹 | √ |
[ | 拉伸 | K均值和主元分析 | 事件 | 分层 | √ |
Table 2
Damage characterization using ultrasonic test
测试方法 | 文献 | 测试类型 | 损伤评估方法 | 指标参数 | 损伤识别 模式 | 损伤定位 | 优势 | 局限性 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
接触式 | [ | 冲击试验 | 红外摄像机、阵列超声波 | 红外图像 | 分层 | √ | 提供快速检查和即时结果 能估计缺陷的严重程度(大小、形状、方向) 高穿透能力可检测深度缺陷 | 需耦合剂确保超声波的充分传输 需小心处理以免损坏测试对象 需接近被检物体表面进行测试 |
[ | 低速冲击损伤 | 冲击能量相关 | C扫 | 纤维断裂 | √ | |||
[ | 落锤冲击试验 | 阵列超声波 | C扫 | 分层 | √ | |||
[ | 拉伸试验 | 超声双折射法 | 衰减系数变化、剪切模比 | 裂纹 | √ | |||
空气耦合式 | [ | 冲击试验 | 激光测振仪 | 表面振动 | 分层 | √ | 非接触式检验 快速检测无触点联轴器 | 声学失配大 功率要求高 高频时衰减损失大 |
[ | 多向相邻波减法、可变时窗振幅映射、超声光谱成像、小波变换超声传播成像 | 超声波能 | 裂纹、分层 | √ | ||||
浸入式 | [ | 拉伸试验 | K均值 | 密度 | 基体裂纹 | √ | 非接触式检验 快速检查 自动检测能力 提供一致的耦合 便于使用聚焦 光束 无需移动传感器即可改变波入射角的简单性 | 不适合检查大型结构 |
[ | 低速冲击试验、拉伸试验 | 连续损伤力学理论 | 信号速度 | √ | ||||
[ | 准静态缩进、低速冲击试验 | 连续损伤力学理论 | 信号速度 | √ |
Table 3
Damage evaluation using thermography techniques
激励源 | 文献 | 测试类型 | 热像技术 | 损伤评估方法 | 参数 | 损伤模式 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
光学灯 | [ | 热暴露 | 脉冲温度记录 | 热扩散率测量 | 热扩散性 | 热损伤 |
[ | 拉伸 | 锁定 | 研究试样的冷却行为 | 冷却速率 | ||
[ | 脉冲相位热 成像 | 全因子分析 | 相位图像对比度 | |||
[ | 脉冲温度记录 | 基于区域的卷积神经网络 | 层析图像 | 人造损伤 | ||
[ | 脉冲温度记录 | 深度学习 | 热分析图 | 内粘接精度为88% | ||
涡流 | [ | 冲击试验 | 涡流脉冲热 成像 | 主元分析 | 热分析图 | 冲击损伤 |
[ | 涡流脉冲热 成像 | 热对比评价 | 热分析图 | 内部缺陷 | ||
[ | 涡流脉冲压缩热成像 | 核主元分析 | 热分析图 | 人造分层 | ||
激光 | [ | 激光斑 | 标准差变化 | 标准差 | 人造分层 | |
[ | 激光阵列扫描热成像 | 快速傅里叶变换和主元分析 | 热信号信噪比 | 平底孔缺陷 | ||
[ | 落锤冲击 | 线扫描热成像 | 动态脉冲相位热成像 | 热成像数据序列 | 平底孔肉眼不可见损伤 | |
机械振动 | [ | 自热的振动热 像仪 | 自热温度演化曲线的热梯度估计 | 热分析图 | 平底孔缺陷 | |
[ | 自热的振动热 像仪 | 统计特征、温度曲线、趋势估计、相似度映射 | 热分析图 | 人造切痕 | ||
[ | 冲击试验 | 基于自热的振动热像仪 | 统计分析、导数、小波变换、主成分热成像、 偏最小二乘回归、热成像信号重建 | 热分析图 | 低速冲击损伤 |
Table 5
Comparison of electromagnetic methods
电磁技术 | 优势 | 局限性 |
---|---|---|
涡流 | 快速、无接触检测、实验设置简单、对微小缺陷非常敏感 | 仅限于表面缺陷,灵敏度随缺陷深度增加而降低 没有提供关于伤害模式的信息 不适合检查比较大的结构 |
太赫兹成像 | 无触点检测、高空间分辨率、不需声学耦合剂 | 受周围环境及噪声影响 检测设备昂贵 不适合检查比较大的结构 |
微波 | 无接触测量、检测速度快、灵敏度高、无需耦合剂、不受恶劣检测环境的限制、输出信号可方便地调制在载频信号上 进行发射与接收 | 易受温度、气压、取样位置的影响 微波检测仪表的零点漂移和标定问题尚未得到很好的解决 |
电学层析成像 | 无辐射、响应速度快、安全性高、价格低廉 | 欠定问题、软场效应、不稳定性 |
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