低空公共航路可持续运行机制的构建逻辑与路径探讨

廖小罕; 贺洪波; 徐晨晨; 叶虎平; 岳焕印

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.33932

航空学报 >

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.33932

低空公共航路可持续运行机制的构建逻辑与路径探讨

廖小罕 ,
贺洪波 ,
徐晨晨 ,
叶虎平 ,
岳焕印

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中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所

收稿日期: 2026-05-22

修回日期: 2026-09-04

网络出版日期: 2026-09-10

基金资助

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（C类）;国家重点研发计划课题

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Toward a Sustainable Operation Mechanism for Low-Altitude Public Air Routes: Design Logic and Pathway

LIAO Xiao-Han ,
HE Hong-Bo ,
XU Chen-Chen ,
YE Hu-Ping ,
YUE Huan-Yin

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Received date: 2026-05-22

Revised date: 2026-09-04

Online published: 2026-09-10

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摘要

低空公共航路是支撑低空经济规模化运行的新型基础设施，其运行阶段的可持续运行机制设计对低空经济的可持续发展具有重要意义。本文面向低空规模运行的现实需求，以空间生产理论为启发，借鉴地面交通与民航空管的可持续运行经验，从基础设施特殊性、空域资源有偿使用条件与边界和多元主体利益格局三个维度，系统剖析低空公共航路可持续运行机制的设计逻辑。在基础设施层面，通过规划、建设、运营全生命周期的空地对比，揭示低空航路与地面道路在制度逻辑上的深层同构性，并分析“建设材料”从有形物质为主转向物理设施与数字要素深度耦合所带来的成本核算、产权界定和定价基础三重范式挑战；在资源属性层面，从稀缺性、排他性技术可行性、外部性可计量性、价格信号配置功能和制度基础五个维度论证低空空域的有偿使用条件与边界；在主体利益层面，揭示政府、企业与公众三类主体的差异化价值诉求与利益张力。在此基础上，构建包含成本回收、市场配置与再分配三层次的可持续运行逻辑，并提出与产业发展阶段相匹配的分阶段实施路径，为低空公共航路从政府主导的基础设施建设向政府授权下市场化可持续运营转型提供制度设计方案。

关键词： 低空经济; 空域资源; 低空公共航路; 可持续运行机制; 空间生产理论

本文引用格式

廖小罕 , 贺洪波 , 徐晨晨 , 叶虎平 , 岳焕印 . 低空公共航路可持续运行机制的构建逻辑与路径探讨[J]. 航空学报, 0 : 1 -0 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.33932

Abstract

Low-altitude public air routes constitute a new type of infrastructure supporting the large-scale operation of the low-altitude economy. The design of sustainable operation mechanisms during the operational phase is directly relevant to the sustainable development of this emerging sector. Motivated by the practical demands of large-scale low-altitude operations, drawing on Lefebvre's spatial production theory and the sustainable operation experiences of surface transportation and civil aviation air traffic management, this paper systematically examines the design logic of sustainable operation mechanisms from three dimensions: infrastructure specificity, the conditions and boundaries for the compensated use of airspace resources, and multi-actor interest dynamics. At the infrastructure level, through a full life-cycle comparison between air routes and ground roads across planning, construction, and operation phases, the study reveals the deep institutional isomorphism between low-altitude routes and surface roads, while analyzing the paradigmatic challenges in cost accounting, property rights delineation, and pricing fundamentals arising from the shift of “construction materials” from predominantly tangible physical elements toward a deep coupling of physical infrastructure with digital components. At the resource attribute level, it demonstrates the conditions and boundaries for the compensated use of low-altitude airspace through five dimensions: scarcity, technical feasibility of excludability, measurability of externalities, allocative function of price signals, and institutional foundations. At the actor level, it reveals the differentiated value aspirations and interest tensions among government, enterprises, and the public. On this basis, the study constructs a three-tier sustainable operation logic encompassing cost recovery, market allocation, and redistribution, and outlines a phased implementation pathway aligned with industry development stages, providing an institutional design framework for the transition of low-altitude public air routes from government-led infrastructure construction to government-authorized, market-based sustainable operation.

Key words： Low-altitude Economy; Airspace Resources; Low-altitude Public Air Routes; Sustainable Operation Mechanism; Spatial Production Theory

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