随着空间探索任务的不断拓展，空间机器人在轨作业的自主性、适应性与智能化需求日益增强。首先，以空间机器人技术的发展与智能化演进为主线，对国内外相关研究成果进行了系统整理，梳理了其从传统操控方法向自主智能作业演进的趋势。其次，重点回顾了空间机器人智能作业技术在感知认知、决策规划以及操控执行等关键环节的研究进展，讨论其实现途径与技术挑战。此外，还结合空间特殊环境应对、复杂空间作业任务分析执行及空间机器人学习能力保持提升等需求，对未来空间作业智能技术发展进行了展望，重点探讨了未来空间机器人在感知认知、决策规划、操控执行以及训练支撑等方面的研究重点与发展趋势，为空间自主作业相关领域的后续研究与技术发展方向提供参考。

With the continuous expansion of space exploration missions, the requirements for autonomy, adaptability, and intelligence in on-orbit operations of space robots have been increasingly emphasized. This paper systematically reviews the development and intelligent evolution of space robot technologies, synthesizing domestic and international research findings, and outlining the trend from traditional control methods toward autonomous intelligent operations. The article focuses on the research progress of intelligent operation technologies in key domains of perception and cognition, decision-making and planning, as well as operation and execution, discussing their implementation approaches and associated technical challenges. Furthermore, this paper also takes into account the requirements such as dealing with special space environments, analyzing and executing complex space operation tasks, and maintaining and enhancing the learning ability of space robots. It provides an outlook on the future development of intelligent space operation technologies. It focuses on discussing the research priorities and development trends of future space robots in aspects such as perception and cognition, decision-making and planning, operation and execution, and training support. This provides a reference for subsequent research and technical development directions in fields related to space autonomous operations.