无人机集群是森林消防任务的新质消防力量。无人机集群的体系效能评估工作有助于优化无人机的设计，提升无人机集群执行林火消防任务的能力。为提升仿真评估结果的可解释性，本文基于DoDAF(Department of Defense Architecture Framework)与作战环理论建立了面向体系的多级解耦框架。考虑到林火的燃烧特性与动态特性，本文首先构造了林火燃烧元胞模型。其次以该燃烧模型为基础，一种能反映灭火弹铺展特性的Carlton-Cellular消防效果计算模型被提出。最后，本文将该计算模型应用到以多级解耦框架为核心的多智能体仿真平台中，从而求解了森林消防任务下的无人机集群的体系效能。实验结果表明：无人机速度、载弹量、灭火弹有效覆盖半径等基础性能指标能有效提升体系效能。无人机的速度从60m/s提高到达到85m/s时，消防效能提升了0.46。载弹量从两发提升至三发使无人机集群的消防任务成功率提升了70%。有效覆盖半径提高3m，集群的消防效果提升了0.3。该研究可为消防无人机的型号设计提供参考。

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm represent a new type of firefighting force for forest fire fighting mission. The system-of-systems (SoS) effectiveness evaluation of UAV swarm helps optimize the design of UAVs and enhance their capabilities in performing forest fire fighting mission. To improve the interpretability of simulation evaluation results, this paper establishes a multi-level decoupling framework oriented towards the SoS based on DoDAF (Department of Defense Architecture Framework) and the combat cycle theory. Considering the combustion and dynamic characteristics of forest fire, this paper first constructs a cellular model of forest fire combustion. Then, based on this combustion model, a Carlton-Cellular firefighting effectiveness calculation model that reflects the spreading characteristics of fire extinguishing bomb is proposed. Finally, this paper applies this calculation model to a multi-agent simulation platform centered on the multi-level decoupling framework to solve the SoS effectiveness of UAV swarm in forest fire fighting mission. Experimental results show that basic performance indicators such as UAV speed, bomb load, and effective coverage radius of fire extinguishing bomb can effectively enhance SoS effectiveness. When the UAV speed increases from 60m/s to 85m/s, the firefighting effectiveness improves by 0.46. Increasing the bomb load from 2 to 3 increases the success rate of the UAV swarm's firefighting mission by 70%. An increase of 3m in the effective coverage radius improves the firefighting effect of the swarm by 0.3. This research can provide a reference for the model design of firefighting UAVs.