随着现代战争形态加速向信息化、智能化方向演进，战场环境的不确定性显著增强，对抗强度持续提升，这对无人作战系统在自主性、生存性以及协同作战能力等方面提出了更为严苛的要求。作为智能化作战体系中的关键装备之一，军用无人机的自主智能技术正经历深刻变革，其发展路径已由以人工参与为主的远程操控和半自主控制，逐步迈向高度自主甚至群体智能阶段。围绕这一演进过程，本文系统梳理了军用无人机自主智能技术的发展脉络，分析了其由单平台自主向集群化、协同化转变的内在逻辑及主要驱动因素。在此基础上，重点综述了机载边缘计算、自主感知与态势认知、自主决策与任务规划、自主导航与控制技术，以及智能协同与集群控制等关键技术的基本构成、技术特点与研究进展，并探讨了人工智能技术深度融合对军用无人机自主能力提升所发挥的支撑作用。进一步结合未来作战样式的演变趋势，本文分析了军用无人机自主智能技术的潜在发展方向，同时归纳了其在高对抗、强干扰环境下面临的核心技术挑战与工程实现问题。本文旨在为军用无人机自主智能技术的持续研究与体系化发展提供具有参考价值的综述与思考。

With the accelerated evolution of modern warfare toward informatization and intelligentization, the uncertainty of battlefield environments has increased markedly and the intensity of confrontation has continued to escalate, imposing more stringent demands on unmanned combat systems in terms of autonomy, survivability, and cooperative combat capability. As one of the critical assets in intelligent warfare systems, military unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are undergoing a profound transformation in autonomous intelligence technologies, with their development trajectory progressing from human-in-the-loop remote operation and semi-autonomous control toward highly autonomous and even swarm-based intelligent operation. Centered on this evolutionary process, this paper systematically reviews the developmental trajectory of autonomous intelligence technologies for military UAVs, and analyzes the inherent logic and key driving factors underlying the transition from single-platform autonomy to clustered and collaborative operations. On this basis, it provides a focused survey of the fundamental architectures, technical characteristics, and research progress of key technologies, including onboard edge computing, autonomous perception and situational awareness, autonomous decision-making and mission planning, autonomous navigation and flight control, as well as intelligent collaboration and swarm control. The enabling role of deep integration of artificial intelligence techniques in enhancing UAV autonomous capabilities is also examined. Furthermore, in conjunction with emerging operational concepts, future development directions of autonomous intelligence technologies for military UAVs are analyzed, and the critical technical challenges and engineering implementation issues under highly contested and strongly interfered environments are summarized. This work aims to offer a systematic and thought-provoking reference for sustained research and integrated development of autonomous intelligence technologies for military UAVs.