碳纤维树脂基复合材料结构-导热一体化设计(智能高速飞行器专刊)

  • 任柳丞 ,
  • 吕振瑞 ,
  • 赵国宏
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  • 1. 中国空空导弹研究院
    2. 中国兵器工业试验测试研究院

收稿日期: 2026-06-29

  修回日期: 2026-08-17

  网络出版日期: 2026-08-21

Integrated design of structural load-bearing and heat transfer for CFRP

  • REN Liu-Cheng ,
  • REN Liu-Cheng Zhen-Rui ,
  • ZHAO Guo-Hong
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Received date: 2026-06-29

  Revised date: 2026-08-17

  Online published: 2026-08-21

摘要

飞行器的高超声速趋势和微纳电子器件的高度集成化使得飞行器面临严苛的气动热和舱内热环境,对结构材料提出了更高的热管理能力要求,以解决高速飞行器的结构散热和热分布不均的问题。基于沥青基高导热碳纤维和聚丙烯腈基高强度碳纤维,通过二者的结构优化设计,实现结构导热一体化复合材料的制备。复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别可达879和875 MPa,同时沿纤维方向热导率达150Wm-1K-1,在保持优异力学性能的前提下,解决了传统碳纤维复合材料热导率不足的问题;沿厚度方向纵向植入高导热碳纤维单向带(Z-strip),制得Z向增强导热的碳纤维复合材料,厚度方向热导率提升了3倍以上,同时力学强度保持率达90%;通过有限元传热分析,分析了复合材料传热机理,植入Z-strip后,复合材料由一维传热转变为三维传热,仅1.18 vol%的Z-strip使最高温度梯度降低了~10%。

本文引用格式

任柳丞 , 吕振瑞 , 赵国宏 . 碳纤维树脂基复合材料结构-导热一体化设计(智能高速飞行器专刊)[J]. 航空学报, 0 : 1 -0 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.34182

Abstract

The trend toward hypersonic flight and the high degree of integration in micro- and nano-electronic devices have exposed aircraft to extreme aerothermal and internal thermal environments, imposing higher demands on structural materials for effective thermal management to address heat dissipation and non-uniform thermal distribution in high-speed aircrafts. Based on pitch-based high thermally conductive carbon fibers and PAN-based high strength carbon fibers, a structurally optimized design was employed to fabricate composites with high thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. The composites achieved tensile and flexural strengths of 879 MPa and 875 MPa, respectively, while maintaining a high thermal conductivity of 150 Wm-1K-1 along the fiber direction, effectively overcoming the insufficient thermal conductivity typically observed in conventional carbon fiber composites without compromising mechanical performance. By embedding unidirectional high thermally conductive carbon fiber tapes (Z-strips) longitudinally through the thickness, Z-direction enhanced thermally conductive carbon fiber composites were developed, increasing thermal conductivity in the thickness direction by more than threefold, while retaining over 90% of the original mechanical strength. Finite element thermal analysis revealed that the heat transfer mechanism shifted from one-dimensional to three-dimensional conduction after incorporating the Z-strip; even with only 1.18 vol% Z-strip content, the maximum temperature gradient was reduced by approximately 10%.

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