有限界面热流相变模型的推导与验证
收稿日期: 2025-10-28
修回日期: 2025-11-12
录用日期: 2025-12-15
网络出版日期: 2025-12-25
基金资助
国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZB20250156)
Development and validation of finite-interface-heat-flux phase change model
Received date: 2025-10-28
Revised date: 2025-11-12
Accepted date: 2025-12-15
Online published: 2025-12-25
Supported by
Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZB20250156)
两相水冷换热器因其换热高效、结构紧凑，在航空热管理系统具有重要影响前景。在先进界面解析技术的支持下，耦合合理的相变模型对于准确模拟两相水冷换热器的流动沸腾特性至关重要。然而，经验系数的不确定性和相变理论的复杂性给相变模型的发展带来了巨大挑战。提出了有限界面热流相变模型，通过考虑相界面网格内的界面位置，将界面热流转化为有限相界面内网格的相变源项。首先，通过一维Stefan和二维池沸腾基准问题验证了模型，并得出相界面瞬时位置与时均努塞尔数的偏差分别为3.33%与1.2%。然后，通过三维管内沸腾基准问题验证模型，得出瞬时气泡直径偏差为4.48%。最后，通过流动沸腾实验进一步验证模型，得出最小壁面过热度偏差为14.4%且两相流态模拟结果符合流态识别准则数的预测范围。提出的模型优于现有的相变模型，有望为航空航天两相水冷换热器的设计优化提供可靠的数值研究手段。
唐子诚 , 韩泽冉 , 郑丹 , 马挺 . 有限界面热流相变模型的推导与验证[J]. 航空学报, 2026 , 47(13) : 532977 -532977 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.32977
Two-phase water-cooled heat exchangers， owing to their high heat transfer efficiency and compact structure， exhibit promising application prospects in aviation thermal management systems. With the support of the advanced interface-resolved technique， the incorporation of a reasonable phase change model becomes crucial for accurately simulating the flow boiling characteristics in two-phase water-cooled heat exchangers. However， the uncertainty of empirical factors and the complexity of phase change theories pose great challenges to the development of phase change models. This paper proposes a finite-interface-heat-flux phase change model， which converts the interfacial heat flux into phase change source terms for the cells within the finite interface by considering the interface position in the interfacial cell. First， the proposed model is validated by one-dimensional Stefan and two-dimensional pool boiling benchmark problems， yielding deviations of 3.33% and 1.2% for the instantaneous interface position and the time averaged Nusselt number， respectively. Then， the model is validated by a three-dimensional microchannel boiling benchmark problem， resulting in a deviation of 4.48% in terms of the instantaneous bubble diameter. Finally， the model is validated by a flow boiling experiment and presents the lowest deviation of 14.4% in terms of the wall superheat， while the simulation result of the flow pattern is consistent with the predicted ranges of the flow regime criteria. The proposed model outperforms the existing phase change models， showing great potential in providing a reliable numerical tool for the design and optimization of two-phase water-cooled heat exchangers in aerospace.
| [1] | WANG J X， GUO W， XIONG K， et al. Review of aerospace-oriented spray cooling technology［J］. Progress in Aerospace Sciences， 2020， 116： 100635. |
| [2] | 王国耀. 高密度航空电子设备的液冷方法［J］. 航空电子技术， 1994， 25（2）： 42-48. |
| WANG G Y. Liquid cooling method for high-density avionics［J］. Avionics Technology， 1994， 25（2）： 42-48 （in Chinese）. | |
| [3] | SCHMIDT D K， STEVENS J， RONEY J. Near-space station-keeping performance of a large high-altitude notional airship［J］. Journal of Aircraft， 2007， 44（2）： 611-615. |
| [4] | WANG J X， LI Y Z， ZHANG H S， et al. A highly self-adaptive cold plate for the single-phase mechanically pumped fluid loop for spacecraft thermal management［J］. Energy Conversion and Management， 2016， 111： 57-66. |
| [5] | WANG J X， LI Y Z， YU X K， et al. Investigation of heat transfer mechanism of low environmental pressure large-space spray cooling for near-space flight systems［J］. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer， 2018， 119： 496-507. |
| [6] | LIU X L， DU C H， ZHU J W， et al. Numerical investigation of liquid nitrogen spray cooling under low ambient pressure［J］. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer， 2024， 233： 126048. |
| [7] | 苏向辉. 航空电子设备冷却用环路热管冷凝器热沉分析［J］. 航空动力学报， 2010， 25（9）： 1942-1947. |
| SU X H. Analysis of heat sink for rejected condenser heat of loop heat pipes for cooling avionics［J］. Journal of Aerospace Power， 2010， 25（9）： 1942-1947 （in Chinese）. | |
| [8] | MOSZEE R， MOSZEE R. In-flight H2O production for hypersonic vehicle active cooling and auxiliary propulsion［C］∥ 33rd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston： AIAA， 1997. |
| [9] | HIRT C W， NICHOLS B D. Volume of fluid （VOF） method for the dynamics of free boundaries［J］. Journal of Computational Physics， 1981， 39（1）： 201-225. |
| [10] | KHARANGATE C R， MUDAWAR I. Review of computational studies on boiling and condensation［J］. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer， 2017， 108： 1164-1196. |
| [11] | SCHRAGE R W. A theoretical study of interphase mass transfer［M］. New York： Columbia University Press， 1953： 107-121. |
| [12] | LEE W H. A pressure iteration scheme for two-phase flow modeling［J］. Multiphase Transport Fundamentals， Reactor Safety， Applications， 1980， 1： 407-431. |
| [13] | GIBOU F， CHEN L G， NGUYEN D， et al. A level set based sharp interface method for the multiphase incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with phase change［J］. Journal of Computational Physics， 2007， 222（2）： 536-555. |
| [14] | KNUDSEN M. The Kinetic theory of gases： Some modern aspects， methuen’s monographs physical subjects［M］. London： Methuen and Co.， 1934： 261-283. |
| [15] | HARDT S， WONDRA F. Evaporation model for interfacial flows based on a continuum-field representation of the source terms［J］. Journal of Computational Physics， 2008， 227（11）： 5871-5895. |
| [16] | MUNICCHI F， MELLAS I EL， MATAR O K， et al. Conjugate heat transfer effects on flow boiling in microchannels［J］. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer， 2022， 195： 123166. |
| [17] | ANDREDAKI M， VONTAS K， GEORGOULAS A， et al. The effect of channel aspect ratio on flow boiling characteristics within rectangular micro-passages［J］. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer， 2022， 183： 122201. |
| [18] | NIE M L， ZHANG H N， XIAO Q， et al. Numerical simulation of flow boiling characteristics in cross-linked microchannel heat sinks［J］. Applied Thermal Engineering， 2025， 265： 125496. |
| [19] | LEE Y T. Heat transfer of bubbly flows in microchannels at varied aspect ratios and hydraulic diameters［J］. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer， 2023， 216： 124573. |
| [20] | CHEN Y J， LING K， DING H， et al. 3-D numerical study of subcooled flow boiling in a horizontal rectangular mini-channel by VOSET［J］. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer， 2022， 183： 122218. |
| [21] | NICHITA B A， THOME J R. A level set method and a heat transfer model implemented into FLUENT for modeling of microscale two phase flows［C］∥Meeting on System Level Thermal Management for Enhanced Platform Efficiency， 2010. |
| [22] | CHEN G， NIE T T， YAN X H. An explicit expression of the empirical factor in a widely used phase change model［J］. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer， 2020， 150： 119279. |
| [23] | SUN D L， XU J L， WANG L. Development of a vapor-liquid phase change model for volume-of-fluid method in FLUENT［J］. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer， 2012， 39（8）： 1101-1106. |
| [24] | DARSHAN M B， MAGNINI M， MATAR O K. Numerical modelling of flow boiling inside microchannels： A critical review of methods and applications［J］. Applied Thermal Engineering， 2024， 257： 124464. |
| [25] | ANSYS. Ansys fluent theory guide［M］. Canonsburg： ANSYS Inc， 2019： 514-547. |
| [26] | ALEXIADES. Mathematical modeling of melting and freezing processes［M］. Washington， D.C.： Hemispere Pub. Corp.， 1993， 307-322. |
| [27] | BERENSON P J. Film-boiling heat transfer from a horizontal surface［J］. Journal of Heat Transfer， 1961， 83（3）： 351-356. |
| [28] | KLIMENKO V V. Film boiling on a horizontal plate： New correlation［J］. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer， 1981， 24（1）： 69-79. |
| [29] | MUKHERJEE A， KANDLIKAR S G， EDEL Z J. Numerical study of bubble growth and wall heat transfer during flow boiling in a microchannel［J］. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer， 2011， 54（15-16）： 3702-3718. |
| [30] | QU W L， MUDAWAR I. Flow boiling heat transfer in two-phase micro-channel heat sinks-Ⅰ. Experimental investigation and assessment of correlation methods［J］. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer， 2003， 46（15）： 2755-2771. |
| [31] | MOFFAT R J. Describing the uncertainties in experimental results［J］. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science， 1988， 1（1）： 3-17. |
| [32] | SHAH R K. Laminar flow forced convection in ducts［J］. Advanced Heat Transfer， 1978， 15： 366-384. |
| [33] | MIRMANTO M KENNING D B R， LEWIS J S， et al. Pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics for single-phase developing flow of water in rectangular microchannels［J］. Journal of Physics： Conference Series， 2012， 395（1）： 012085. |
| [34] | KUMAR R， SINGH G， MIKIELEWICZ D. Effect of asymmetric fluid flow distribution on flow boiling in a microchannel heat sink-An experimental investigation［J］. Applied Thermal Engineering， 2022， 213： 118710. |
| [35] | PAN Z H， WEIBEL J A， GARIMELLA S V. A saturated-interface-volume phase change model for simulating flow boiling［J］. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer， 2016， 93： 945-956. |
| [36] | TIBIRI?á C B， ROCHA D M， SUETH I L S JR， et al. A complete set of simple and optimized correlations for microchannel flow boiling and two-phase flow applications［J］. Applied Thermal Engineering， 2017， 126： 774-795. |
| [37] | TANG Z C， LI N Q， MA T， et al. Three-field mechanistic modelling of annular-regime water boiling in rectangular mini/micro-channels based on analysis of dispersed droplet clusters［J］. Applied Thermal Engineering， 2025， 275： 126858. |
| [38] | SOBIERSKA E， KULENOVIC R， MERTZ R， et al. Experimental results of flow boiling of water in a vertical microchannel［J］. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science， 2006， 31（2）： 111-119. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
CJA