月壤作为月球原位资源利用的重要对象，其选矿富集与粒径优化是实现月壤资源有效利用的关键前提。针对月面极端环境下传统选矿技术难以直接应用的问题，本文系统开展了模拟月壤荷电特性及其利用月壤带电性质进行静电分选的实验研究。分别在大气与高真空条件下，研究了CUG-1A模拟月壤在外加静电场中的荷电规律。实验结果表明，真空环境下颗粒荷电机制有所不同。大气与真空条件下均表现出荷电量随粒径增大而增加，荷质比随粒径增大而减小的规律，且电场强度对颗粒起跳时的净荷电量影响不显著。CUG-1A模拟月壤的荷电特性及其运动动力学参数与嫦娥五号真实月壤数据高度吻合，表明模拟月壤可作为月壤有效替代材料开展静电技术研究。约20-100微米粒径范围内，模拟月壤与真实月壤的颗粒荷电量均落在4×10-15~5×10-13 C范围内。基于上述颗粒荷电特性，进一步开展了四相行波静电月壤分选实验，结果表明，细颗粒沿与电场传播相反的方向富集（反向），而粗颗粒沿与电场传播相同的方向富集（正向），行波静电场可实现颗粒粒径的显著分级。经过一次分选，铁、钛元素在正向运动的颗粒中得到有效富集，Fe?O?含量由14.78%提升至27.04%，TiO?含量由2.08%提升至2.83%。本研究为月面环境下月壤静电分选技术的发展提供了关键理论基础与实验依据。
Lunar regolith is a key resource for in-situ utilization on the Moon, and its beneficiation and particle size optimization are essential for the effective resource utilization. Given the difficulty of applying conventional beneficiation techniques in the extreme lunar environment, this study systematically investigates the electrostatic charging behavior of lunar regolith simulant and its electrostatic separation performance. The charging characteristics of CUG-1A lunar regolith simulant were evaluated under both atmospheric and high-vacuum conditions in an external applied electrostatic field. Experimental results show that the charging mechanism differs between atmosphere and vacuum. Under both conditions, the particle charge increases with particle size, whereas the charge-to-mass ratio decreases. Electric field strength has no notable effect on the net charge of levitated particles. The charging characteristics and dynamic parameters of the CUG-1A simulant closely match those of the Chang'E-5 lunar regolith, confirming its suitability as a substitute for electrostatic research. In the particle size range of approximately 20–100 μm, the charge per particle of both the simulant and the real regolith falls within 4×10?1?~5×10?13 C. Based on these charging behaviors, separation experiments using a four-phase traveling wave electrostatic field were conducted. The results show that fine particles accumulate in the direction opposite to the electric field propagation (reverse direction), while coarse particles accumulate along the propagation direction (forward direction), indicating that the traveling wave electrostatic field can achieve significant particle size classification. After a single separation, iron and titanium elements are effectively enriched in the forward-moving particles. The Fe?O? content increases from 14.78% to 27.04%, and the TiO? content increases from 2.08% to 2.83%. This work provides a critical theoretical and experimental foundation for developing electrostatic separation technology for lunar regolith under lunar surface conditions.
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