针对小行星探测中热辐射光谱仪与中视场彩色相机这两种异构载荷光轴一致性标校的工程难题，本文提出了一种动态螺旋扫描与双源数据融合的方法。该方法利用探测器平台螺旋运动生成的阿基米德螺线轨迹作为激励源，同步采集中视场形心序列和热辐射能量序列，通过时空对齐与高斯曲面拟合实现光轴解耦。结合目标特性影响模型，系统分析了直径、形状、自转轴及热分布等七维因素对标校精度的量化影响。为验证方法可行性，设计了一套缩比地面全物理仿真试验系统，该系统包括探测器模拟桁架、六自由度机械臂及缩比小行星模型，通过几何与运动学等效设计复现20公里在轨环境。通过对影响参数的定量分析，最终确定了13类试验工况，以满足天问二号任务600米测站的热辐射印迹定位需求。本方法不仅解决了小行星弱光照环境下多源遥感数据基准统一的难题，还为我国深空探测自主标校技术体系提供了可工程化的新范式，具备向后续深空探测任务的迁移潜力。

To address the engineering challenge of calibrating the optical axes of two heterogeneous payloads—the thermal radiation spectrometer and the mid-field-of-view camera—in asteroid exploration, this paper proposes a dynamic spiral scanning and dual-source data fusion method. This method utilizes the Archimedean spiral trajectory generated by the helical motion of the probe platform as the excitation source, simultaneously acquiring the mid-field centroid sequence and thermal radiation energy sequence. Optical axis decoupling is achieved through spatiotemporal alignment and Gaussian surface fitting. Com-bining a target characteristic influence model, the quantitative impact of seven factors—diameter, shape, rotation axis, and thermal distribution—on calibration accuracy is systematically analyzed. To verify the feasibility of the method, a 15-meter ground-based full-physical simulation test system was designed. This system includes a probe simulation truss, a KR60-3 robotic arm, and a scaled-down asteroid model, reproducing the 20-kilometer on-orbit environment through geometric and kinematic equivalent design. Through quantitative analysis of the influencing parameters, 13 test conditions were ultimately determined to meet the thermal radiation imprint positioning requirements of the 600-meter station of the Tianwen-2 mis-sion. This method not only solves the problem of unifying the benchmarks of multi-source remote sensing data under low-light conditions of asteroids, but also provides a new, engineerable paradigm for my country's independent calibration tech-nology system for deep space exploration, and has the potential to be transferred to missions such as Jupiter system explora-tion.