有人-无人协同空战运行范式及智能决策架构

吕茂隆; 丁晨博; 莫雳; 张博洋; 段海滨

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.33726

航空学报 >

0 1 - 0

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.33726

有人-无人协同空战运行范式及智能决策架构

吕茂隆 ,
丁晨博 ,
莫雳 ,
张博洋 ,
段海滨

展开

1. 空军工程大学空管领航学院
2. 空军工程大学研究生院
3. 北京理工大学
4. 中国人民解放军93236部队
5. 北京航空航天大学

收稿日期: 2026-04-15

修回日期: 2026-07-16

网络出版日期: 2026-07-24

基金资助

国家自然科学基金;国家自然科学基金;博士后面上基金;博士后特别资助;中国博士后国际交流引进计划;陕西省自然科学基础研究计划重点项目;军事科技领域青年人才托举工程

收起

Operational Paradigm and Intelligent Decision-Making Architecture for Manned–Unmanned Cooperative Air Combat

CHEN Si-Yuan Mao-Long ,
DING Chen-Bo ,
MO Li ,
ZHANG Bo-Yang ,
DUAN Hai-Bin

Expand

Received date: 2026-04-15

Revised date: 2026-07-16

Online published: 2026-07-24

Fold

摘要

在全球军事变革浪潮中，有人-无人协同空战凭借其颠覆性作战潜力，正成为大国军事竞争的新焦点。然而，当前研究仍存在两大挑战：一是对典型空战样式下有人-无人协同空战的运行范式缺乏系统分析，难以有效牵引关键技术研究；二是相关技术研究缺乏一体化技术架构支撑，多呈现“碎片化”状态，制约整体作战效能。为应对挑战一，本研究对典型空战样式下有人-无人协同空战的角色定位与协同逻辑进行分析，并提炼出其中的信息交互关系及决策技术需求。为应对挑战二，本研究构建了包含需求牵引层、技术研究层和仿真验证层的三层级有人-无人协同空战智能决策技术架构，并深入探讨其中五个关键环节的可行实现思路。在此基础上，结合特定的有人-无人协同空战微任务场景，开展试验性仿真实验，分层级、分阶段展示技术效果，直观呈现所提技术架构的应用方式与整体效果。通过以上工作，本研究旨在为学界与工程界提供清晰的研究路线与系统化方法框架，推动有人-无人协同空战在多样化复杂任务中的规模化应用。

关键词： 有人-无人协同空战; 空战运行范式; 决策技术架构; 深度强化学习; 人机交互

本文引用格式

吕茂隆 , 丁晨博 , 莫雳 , 张博洋 , 段海滨 . 有人-无人协同空战运行范式及智能决策架构[J]. 航空学报, 0 : 1 -0 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.33726

Abstract

Amid the global wave of military transformation, manned–unmanned cooperative air combat has become a new focus of major-power military competition owing to its disruptive warfighting potential. However, current research still faces two primary challenges. First, a systematic analysis of the operational paradigm for manned–unmanned cooperative air combat under typical aerial confrontation patterns is lacking, making it difficult to effectively guide key technology development. Second, relevant technical research lacks an integrated architecture and remains largely fragmented, thereby limiting overall combat effectiveness. To address the first challenge, this study analyzes the role positioning and coordination logic of manned–unmanned cooperative air combat under typical aerial confrontation patterns, and extracts the information interaction relationships and decision-making technology requirements therein. To address the second challenge, this study constructs a three?tier intelligent decision?making technology architecture for manned–unmanned cooperative air combat, consisting of a demand?pull layer, a technology research layer, and a simulation?validation layer, and further explores feasible implementation approaches for five key technical links within the architecture. On this basis, experimental simulations are conducted using specific manned–unmanned cooperative air combat micro?task scenarios. The technical effects are demonstrated at different levels and stages, visually presenting the application method and overall effectiveness of the proposed architecture. Through these efforts, this study aims to provide a clear research route and a systematic methodological framework for both academia and engineering, and to promote the large?scale application of manned–unmanned cooperative air combat in diverse and complex missions.

Key words： manned–unmanned cooperative air combat; air combat operational paradigm; decision-making technology architecture; deep reinforcement learning; human–machine interaction

参考文献

[1]张宏宏, 李文华, 郑家毅, 等. 有人-无人机协同作战：概念、技术与挑战[J]. 航空学报, 2024, 45(15): 168-194.
ZHANG H H, LI W H, ZHENG J Y, et al. Manned/Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Cooperative Combat: Concepts, Technologies, and Challenges[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(15): 168-194 (in Chinese).
[2]张旭东, 孙智伟, 吴利荣, 等. 未来有人机/无人机智能协同作战顶层概念思考[J]. 无人系统技术, 2021, 4(02): 62-68.
ZHANG X D, SUN Z W, WU L R, et al. Top-level Conceptual Thought on Future Manned/Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Intelligent Cooperative Combat[J]. Unmanned Systems Technology, 2021, 4(02): 62-68 (in Chinese).
[3]王海峰. 高性能协同作战无人机的发展与思考[J]. 航空学报, 2024, 45(17): 8-25+3.
WANG H F. Development and Reflection on High-Performance Collaborative Combat Unmanned Aerial Vehicles[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(17): 8-25+3 (in Chinese).
[4]姜鹏, 王瑞, 郑力会, 等. 国外有人/无人机协同作战研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 兵工自动化, 2023, 42(03): 84-89.
JIANG P, WANG R, ZHENG L H, et al. Research Status and Development Trend of Foreign Manned/Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Cooperative Combat[J]. Ordnance Industry Automation, 2023, 42(03): 84-89 (in Chinese).
[5]张艳霞, 曹冠平, 巩炳林. 基于云模型的有人/无人机协同作战能力评估[J]. 火力与指挥控制, 2025, 50(09): 122-128.
ZHANG Y X, CAO G P, GONG B L. Capability Evaluation of Manned/Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Cooperative Combat Based on Cloud Model[J]. Fire Control & Command Control, 2025, 50(09): 122-128 (in Chinese).
[6]王新尧, 曹云峰, 孙厚俊, 等. 基于DoDAF的有人/无人机协同作战体系结构建模[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42(11): 2265-2274.
WANG X Y, CAO Y F, SUN H J, et al. Modeling of Manned/Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Cooperative Combat System Architecture Based on DoDAF[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 42(11): 2265-2274 (in Chinese).
[7]李望西, 王勇, 吴文超, 等. 面向空空作战的有人/无人机协同作战模式研究[J]. 无人系统技术, 2023, 6(04): 76-84.
LI W X, WANG Y, WU W C, et al. Research on Manned/Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Cooperative Combat Mode for Air-to-Air Engagement[J]. Unmanned Systems Technology, 2023, 6(04): 76-84 (in Chinese).
[8]孙盛智, 孟春宁, 侯妍, 等. 有人/无人机协同作战模式及关键技术研究[J]. 航空兵器, 2021, 28(05): 33-37.
SUN S Z, MENG C N, HOU Y, et al. Research on Manned/Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Cooperative Combat Mode and Key Technologies[J]. Aero Weaponry, 2021, 28(05): 33-37 (in Chinese).
[9]STENSRUD R, MIKKELSEN B, VALAKER S. Exploring Human-Autonomy Teaming Methods in Challenging Environments: The Case of Fighter Pilots and Loyal Wingmen[J]. Human-Intelligent Systems Integration, 2024, 6(1): 1–14.
[10]胡嘉悦, 李广文, 章卫国, 等. 面向有人-无人机协同远程作战的IVMS架构[J]. 航空学报, 2022, 43(03): 467-478.
HU J Y, LI G W, ZHANG W G, et al. IVMS Architecture for Manned/Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Cooperative Long-Range Operations[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2022, 43(03): 467-478 (in Chinese).
[11]毕文豪, 陈浩, 吴宇轩, 等. 基于CAS理论的有人/无人协同空战体系架构设计与建模[J/OL]. 兵工学报, （2025-08-19）[2025-10-22]. https://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2025.0235.
BI W H, CHEN H, WU Y X, et al. Design and Modeling of Manned/Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Cooperative Air Combat System Architecture Based on CAS Theory[J/OL]. Acta Armamentarii, (2025-08-19) [2025-10-22]. https://doi.org/10.12382/bgxb.2025.0235.
[12]牛轶峰, 沈林成, 李杰, 等. 无人-有人机协同控制关键问题[J]. 中国科学: 信息科学, 2019, 49(05): 538-554.
NIU Y F, SHEN L C, LI J, et al. Key Issues in Unmanned–Manned Aerial Vehicle Cooperative Control[J]. Science China Information Sciences, 2019, 49(05): 538-554 (in Chinese).
[13]LI L Y, YANG R N, LV M L, WU A, ZHAO Z L. From Behavior to Natural Language: Generative Approach for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Intent Recognition[J]. IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence, 2024, 5(12): 6196-6209.
[14]DING C, RU L, LV M, MO L. Fully Interpretable SECA Rule-Driven Manned-Unmanned Teaming Confrontation Strategy: A Deep Human-Machine Collaboration Framework[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2026, doi: 10.1109/TVT.2026.3661749.
[15]谢岚风, 陈军, 焦璐, 等. 未来空战全域火力场研究[J]. 航空学报, 2024, 45(05): 296-313.
XIE L F, CHEN J, JIAO L, et al. Research on the Global Firepower Field of Future Air Combat[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(05): 296-313 (in Chinese).
[16]张迁, 颜冠伟, 聂勤, 等. 基于远距空空导弹轨迹数值优化的机-弹协同导引方法[J]. 航空学报, 2024, 45(17): 190-206.
ZHANG Q, YAN G W, NIE Q, et al. Aircraft-Missile Cooperative Guidance Method Based on Numerical Optimization of Long-Range Air-to-Air Missile Trajectory[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(17): 190-206 (in Chinese).
[17]吕茂隆, 丁晨博, 韩浩然, 等. 基于深度强化学习的无人机自主感知-规划-控制策略[J]. 自动化学报, 2025, 51(06): 1305-1319.
LV M L, DING C B, HAN H R, et al. Autonomous Perception-planning-control Strategy for UAV Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning[J]. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2025, 51(06): 1305-1319 (in Chinese).
[18]张路, 邵正途, 翁呈祥, 等. 美军有/无人机协同作战运用及关键技术研究[J]. 战术导弹技术, 2022, (06): 128-137.
ZHANG L, SHAO Z T, WENG C X, et al. Research on the Application and Key Technologies of U.S. Military Manned/Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Cooperative Combat[J]. Tactical Missile Technology, 2022, (06): 128-137 (in Chinese).
[19]Lee C, Gunzinger M A. The Next Frontier: UAVs for Great Power Conflict | Part 1: Penetrating Strike[R]. Arlington, VA: Mitchell Institute for Aerospace Studies, 2022.
[20]Gunzinger M, Stutzriem L A, Sweetman B. The Need for Collaborative Combat Aircraft for Disruptive Air Warfare[R]. Arlington, VA: Mitchell Institute for Aerospace Studies, 2024.
[21]Dahm J M. Disconnected by Design: 5th- & 6th-Gen Aircraft in Disaggregated Collaborative Air Operations[R]. Arlington, VA: Mitchell Institute for Aerospace Studies, 2025.
[22]赵钱, 赵炜, 王航, 等. 美军有人/无人机协同作战项目介绍及发展趋势研判[J]. 空天防御, 2025, 8(01): 24-30.
ZHAO Q, ZHAO W, WANG H, et al. Introduction and Development Trend Analysis of U.S. Military Manned/Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Cooperative Combat Programs[J]. Air & Space Defense, 2025, 8(01): 24-30 (in Chinese).
[23]吴承运, 董彦非. 基于作战环和信息熵的有人机/无人僚机协同作战效能评估方法[J]. 火力与指挥控制, 2025, 50(07): 104-111+119.
WU C Y, DONG Y F. Effectiveness Evaluation Method of Manned Aircraft/Unmanned Wingman Cooperative Combat Based on Operational Loop and Information Entropy[J]. Fire Control & Command Control, 2025, 50(07): 104-111+119 (in Chinese).
[24]何进, 曾遥. 航展邀你“试驾”歼-11，体验起飞、巡航、降落全过程[N/OL]. 珠海: 珠海特区报, 2022. （2022-11-10）[2025-11-22]. https://pub-zhtb.hizh.cn/s/202211/10/AP636c36c1e4b04f29fdc83341.html.
HE J, ZENG Y. Airshow Invites You to "Test Drive" J-11, Experience the Whole Process of Takeoff, Cruise and Landing[N/OL]. Zhuhai: Zhuhai Special Zone Daily, 2022. (2022-11-10) [2025-10-22]. https://pub-zhtb.hizh.cn/s/202211/10/AP636c36c1e4b04f29fdc83341.html.

Options

摘要页面

文章导航

模态框（Modal）标题

摘要

本文引用格式

Abstract

参考文献