低空经济发展呈现的高密度、强动态及异构化运行特征，使得传统运行概念、基础设施与管理模式难以支撑大规模商业化的运行需求，人工智能技术（Artificial Intelligence，AI）已成为重构低空运行逻辑的关键驱动力。本文系统梳理全球主要航空强国在AI应用领域的战略布局，对比分析美国、欧洲及中国在顶层规划与推进重点上的共识与差异。在此基础上，围绕AI赋能低空发展与自身安全保障两大核心议题展开论述。依托低空智能网联体系架构，构建涵盖云侧全局统筹、网侧协同支撑及端侧自主飞行的关键技术体系；针对智能化引入的新型安全风险，提出面向运行场景分级的人机协同准入准则与全生命周期差异化安全治理策略。研究旨在为AI在低空领域的系统性应用与安全监管提供理论参考与技术路径，支撑行业向安全高效与规模化方向发展。

The development of the low-altitude economy is characterized by high-density, highly dynamic, and heterogeneous operations, which make it difficult for traditional operational concepts, infrastructure, and management paradigms to support the demands of large-scale commercial deployment. Artificial intelligence (AI) has thus become a key driving force in reshaping the operational logic of low-altitude activities. This paper systematically reviews the strategic deployment of major global aviation powers in the field of AI applications and comparatively analyzes the commonalities and differences among the United States, Europe, and China in terms of top-level planning and implementation priorities. On this basis, the paper discusses two core issues: AI-enabled low-altitude development and AI-related safety assurance. Building on the architecture of the low-altitude intelligent networked system, a key technological framework is established that covers cloud-side global coordination, network-side collaborative support, and edge-side autonomous flight. To address the emerging safety risks introduced by intelligence, scenario-oriented human–machine collaborative access criteria and differentiated safety governance strategies across the full life cycle are further proposed. The study aims to provide theoretical references and technical pathways for the systematic application and safety regulation of AI in the low-altitude domain, thereby supporting the industry’s development toward greater safety, efficiency, and scalability.