降落伞弹射拉直是回收着陆系统设计中的关键环节，正确选择合适的弹射分离初始速度是回收着陆系统设计的一项重要工作。目前工程研究中一般通过经验公式预估最小弹射速度，但未充分考虑前体尾流干扰与伞包柔性特性，导致计算结果与实际工况存在偏差。为解决这一问题，本文开展考虑前体尾流和伞包柔性影响下的最小弹射速度计算研究。首先，采用CFD方法，对不同构型、不同速度的前体尾流流场数据进行数值模拟与分析，获取尾流区域的速度分布；其次，基于多体动力学理论，建立弹射拉直过程的动力学模型，明确弹射过程中伞包、吊带与前体的运动耦合关系；再者，针对伞包的柔性变形特性，通过引入非线性力学模型，对最小弹射速度计算进行优化修正。最后，结合CFD仿真得到的拉直过程与地面弹伞试验结果，对所提计算方法的准确性进行验证。结果表明，该计算方法能够有效耦合前体尾流干扰与伞包柔性影响，显著提升最小弹射速度的计算精度，为回收着陆系统的优化设计提供可靠理论支撑与工程参考。
Parachute ejection and straightening is a key link in the design of recovery and landing systems, and the rational selection of the initial ejection separation velocity is an important task for the design of such systems. At present, the minimum ejection velocity is generally predicted by empirical formulas in engineering research, but the interference of forebody wake flow and the flexible characteristics of parachute canopy are not fully considered, leading to deviations between the calculation results and actual working conditions. To solve this problem, a study on the calculation of minimum ejection velocity considering the effects of forebody wake flow and parachute canopy flexibility was carried out in this paper. Firstly, the CFD method was adopted to numerically simulate and analyze the flow field data of forebody wake flow with different configurations and velocities, so as to obtain the velocity distribution in the wake flow region. Secondly, based on the multi-body dynamics theory, a dynamic model of the ejection and straightening process was established to clarify the motion coupling relationship among the parachute canopy, suspension straps and forebody during ejection. Thirdly, aiming at the flexible deformation characteristics of the parachute canopy, the calculation of minimum ejection velocity was optimized and modified by introducing a nonlinear mechanical model. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed calculation method was verified by combining the straightening process obtained from CFD simulation with the results of ground parachute ejection tests. The results show that the proposed calculation method can effectively couple the interference of forebody wake flow and the effect of parachute canopy flexibility, significantly improve the calculation accuracy of the minimum ejection velocity, and provide reliable theoretical support and engineering reference for the optimal design of recovery and landing systems.
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