火星采样返回任务中，样本容器的精确交会捕获是确保火星星壤样本安全返回地球的关键。面向火星探测与采样返回任务需求，针对地外天体采样特点，综述分析了火星样本容器交会捕获的相对测量技术，探讨了其在地外天体采样中的特殊要求。本文以美国NASA和欧空局联合开展的“火星样本返回”计划为主要对象，系统阐述了交会捕获阶段的相对测量流程及其技术挑战，重点分析了火星采样返回任务样本容器捕获过程与典型构型特征。针对交会捕获过程中的关键感知与测量技术，详细探讨了视觉相对测量传感器系统设计、多源传感器融合配置方案，并深入剖析了数据处理关键技术，针对目前技术难点展开了讨论并提出建议。可为我国“天问三号”火星采样返回任务在精准交会捕获等关键环节提供重要技术参考与工程实施参考。

In Mars sample return missions, the precise rendezvous and capture of sample containers is crucial for ensuring the safe return of Martian soil samples to Earth. Addressing the demands of Mars exploration and sample return missions, and considering the characteristics of extraterrestrial sampling, this paper conducts a comprehensive survey and analysis of relative measurement technologies for Mars sample container rendezvous and capture, while exploring their unique requirements in extraterrestrial sampling. Focusing on the NASA-ESA collaborative "Mars Sample Return" program, this work systematically elaborates the relative measurement procedures and technical challenges during the rendezvous and capture phase, with an emphasis on analyzing the capture process and typical configuration features of orbital sample containers in Mars sample return missions. Regarding critical perception and measurement technologies in rendezvous and capture operations, the paper provides detailed discussions on visual relative measurement sensor system design and multi-sensor fusion configuration schemes. It further examines key data processing technologies and conducts in-depth analyses of current technical difficulties, offering targeted recommendations. This research provides significant technical and engineering references for China's "Tianwen-3" Mars sample return mission, particularly in critical aspects such as high-precision rendezvous and capture.