临近空间长航时飞行器集群在遥感监测、通信覆盖等领域极具应用价值，为提升其在临近空间复杂环境下的任务效能，亟需突破面向动态环境的集群协同控制关键技术。对临近空间长航时飞行器集群协同控制技术与应用的研究现状、应用范式、关键技术、主要挑战及发展方向进行了系统梳理与综述。首先，分析了临近空间长航时飞行器的平台特性，阐述了广域集群协同与跨域体系协同两类典型应用范式。其次，从协同自组网、任务决策分配、协同航迹规划与控制、跨域协同控制等方面，综述了关键技术的研究进展。然后，归纳了当前研究在时空大跨度环境适应、多目标多约束优化、跨域信息融合及网络安全等方面面临的核心挑战。最后，从跨域协同应用范式体系化、技术体系通用化以及决策控制智能化等方面，展望了临近空间飞行器集群协同控制技术的发展方向。

Near-space long-endurance aircraft clusters hold significant application value in fields such as remote sensing monitoring and communication coverage. To enhance their mission effectiveness in the complex near-space environment, it is essential to advance key technologies for cluster cooperative control in dynamic settings. This study provides a systematic review and summary of the research status, application paradigms, key technologies, major challenges, and development directions regarding cooperative control technologies and applications for near-space long-endurance aircraft clusters. First, the platform characteristics of near-space long-endurance aircraft are analyzed, and two typical application paradigms—large-scale cluster cooperation and cross-domain system-level collaboration—are elaborated. Second, research progress in key technologies is reviewed, including cooperative self-organizing networking, mission decision-making and allocation, cooperative trajectory planning and control, and cross-domain cooperative control. Next, core challenges currently faced by research are summarized, covering adaptation to spatiotemporally large-span environments, multi-objective and multi-constraint optimization, cross-domain information fusion, and network security. Finally, future development directions of cooperative control technologies for near-space aircraft clusters are discussed from the perspectives of systematizing cross-domain cooperative application paradigms, developing generalizable technical system, and advancing intelligent decision-making and control.