基于ICICLE飞行观测的SLD结冰云数值模拟及云系统演变分析（航空发动机防除冰技术专栏）

郭琪磊; 桑为民; 牛俊杰; 安博; 董美娟; 石达志

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.33445

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.33445

基于ICICLE飞行观测的SLD结冰云数值模拟及云系统演变分析（航空发动机防除冰技术专栏）

郭琪磊 ,
桑为民 ,
牛俊杰 ,
安博 ,
董美娟 ,
石达志

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1. 中国民用航空飞行学院
2. 西北工业大学
3. 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所
4. 西北工业大学航空学院

收稿日期: 2026-02-02

修回日期: 2026-04-27

网络出版日期: 2026-04-30

基金资助

国家自然科学基金;西北工业大学 “1-0” 重大工程科学问题项目;结冰与防除冰重点实验室开放课题

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Numerical Simulation and Evolution Analysis of SLD Icing Clouds Based on ICICLE Flight Observations

GUO Qi-Lei ,
SANG Wei-Min ,
NIU Jun-Jie ,
AN Bo ,
DONG Mei-Juan ,
SHI Da-Zhi

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Received date: 2026-02-02

Revised date: 2026-04-27

Online published: 2026-04-30

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摘要

飞机结冰是航空安全的重要威胁，特别是在过冷大水滴（SLD）条件下的结冰特性更为复杂，因其粒径尺寸更大而易导致航空发动机进气道唇口、风扇叶片等部件的回流冻结和推力损失。本文针对SLD结冰条件下云系统垂直结构及其演变过程研究不足的问题，选取ICICLE项目中的F06、F18和F25三次典型飞行试验作为研究对象。首先，基于ICICLE飞行观测数据，对云中液态水含量（LWC）、中值体积直径（MVD）和数浓度（N）等结冰关键参数的分布特性进行对比分析，结果显示SLD的出现与云中液态水含量、粒径尺度及数浓度分布密切相关，并表现出明显的高度依赖性。其次，采用WRF模式对3次飞行试验期间的结冰气象环境进行数值模拟，结果表明，数值模式能够较为准确地再现飞行高度范围内的温度和相对湿度（RH）的垂直分布，并对结冰云层中液态水有较好的模拟能力，但在液态水峰值位置及细尺度结构的预测中，仍存在一定的不确定性，主要归因于云微物理方案的简化假设。进一步分析云系统结构及其随时间的演变过程发现，不同飞行试验间存在显著差异：F06符合暖云向冻结降水的典型发展路径，该云系统下易产生SLD，包括冻雨和冻毛毛雨条件；F18表现出稳定的混合相云系统特征，反映出结冰风险持续时间较长；而F25中冰相发展迅速，液态水显著消耗，不利于结冰条件持续维持。最后，结合云中水凝物的分布结构和演化特性，揭示了不同类型云系统对附录C和附录O条件下结冰风险的影响机制，为航空发动机防除冰系统优化和适航审定提供有益参考。

关键词： 飞机结冰; 过冷大水滴; 云系统演变; WRF模式; ICICLE观测

本文引用格式

郭琪磊 , 桑为民 , 牛俊杰 , 安博 , 董美娟 , 石达志 . 基于ICICLE飞行观测的SLD结冰云数值模拟及云系统演变分析（航空发动机防除冰技术专栏）[J]. 航空学报, 0 : 1 -0 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.33445

Abstract

Aircraft icing poses a significant threat to aviation safety, particularly under supercooled large droplet (SLD) conditions, where larger droplet sizes can lead to refreezing and thrust loss in components such as engine inlet lips and fan blades. Addressing the insufficient research on the vertical structure and evolution of cloud systems under SLD icing conditions, this study selects three typical flight experiments - F06, F18, and F25 - from the ICICLE project as research subjects. First, based on ICICLE flight observation data, a comparative analysis is conducted on the distribution characteristics of key icing parameters, including liquid water content (LWC), median volume diameter (MVD), and number concentration (N). The results indicate that the occurrence of SLD is closely related to the distributions of LWC, droplet size scales, and N, exhibiting evident height dependency. Second, the WRF model is employed to numerically simulate the icing meteoro-logical environments during the three flight experiments. The findings show that the model can accurately reproduce the vertical distributions of temperature and relative humidity (RH) within the flight altitude range and demonstrates good sim-ulation capability for liquid water in icing cloud layers. However, uncertainties persist in predicting the peak positions and fine-scale structures of liquid water, primarily due to simplified assumptions in cloud microphysics schemes. Further anal-ysis of cloud system structures and their temporal evolutions reveals significant differences among the experiments: F06 aligns with the typical development path from warm clouds to freezing precipitation, facilitating SLD formation, including freezing rain and freezing drizzle conditions; F18 exhibits stable mixed-phase cloud system characteristics, indicating prolonged icing risks; while F25 features rapid ice-phase development and significant liquid water consumption, which is unfavorable for sustained icing conditions. Finally, by integrating the distribution structures and evolutionary characteris-tics of cloud hydrometeors, the influence mechanisms of different cloud system types on icing risks under Appendix C and Appendix O conditions are elucidated, providing valuable references for optimizing aircraft engine anti/de-icing sys-tems and airworthiness certification.

Key words： aircraft icing; supercooled large drop; cloud system evolution; WRF model; ICICLE observations

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