针对航空航天领域高热流密度电子设备的热管理需求，对应用于消耗性冷却的径向流扇形板翅蒸发器展开研究。通过数值仿真对蒸发器关键参数进行选型设计，搭建了开式消耗性蒸发器实验平台，采用防冻液热路模拟机载热负荷，实现典型工况下对消耗性蒸发器流动传热特性的实验测试。实验结果表明：流向对径向流扇形板翅蒸发器性能影响具有显著的工况依赖性，顺流与逆流流动在中低与高热负荷区间呈现明显的性能交叉特征。在低、中热负荷区间，顺流流动凭借流道入口段的最大初始温差，换热性能更优；而在高热负荷下，逆流流动则因能维持流道后半段持续稳定的传热驱动力与液相润湿条件，在综合性能上实现反超。同时结合数值模拟方法，系统研究了顺流与逆流两种流动方向对径向流扇形板翅蒸发器流动传热特性的作用机理。通过分析温度场、气相体积分数及速度场，发现性能差异主要源于两种流动方式所构建的冷热流体轴向温度匹配关系不同，逆流流动通过其固有的逆温场特性，延长液膜润湿长度，优化了高热流区域的传热过程。本研究为面向高热流散热场景的蒸发器设计与运行方式等提供了实验依据与理论参考。
To address the thermal management requirements of high-heat-flux electronic equipment in aerospace applications, a radial-flow sector-shaped plate-fin evaporator operating under consumable cooling conditions was investigated. The key structural parameters of the evaporator were preliminarily selected through numerical simulations. An open-loop experimental platform was established, utilizing an antifreeze fluid loop to simulate onboard thermal loads, enabling experimental testing of the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the expendable evaporator under typical operating conditions. The experimental results indicate that the impact of flow direction on the performance of radial flow sector plate fin evaporators exhibits significant dependence on operational conditions, with distinct crossover features between parallel flow and counter flow observed in medium-low and high thermal load ranges. In low-medium thermal load ranges, parallel flow demonstrates superior heat exchange performance due to the maximum initial temperature difference at the inlet section of the flow channel. However, under high thermal loads, counter flow surpasses due to its ability to sustain continuous and stable heat transfer driving forces and liquid phase wetting conditions in the latter half of the flow channel. Combined with numerical simulations, the mechanisms of two flow directions—parallel and counter flow—on the flow and heat transfer characteristics were systematically studied. Through analysis of temperature fields, gas phase volume fractions, and velocity fields, it was found that the primary cause of performance differences lies in the different axial temperature matching relationships between hot and cold fluids established by the two flow modes. Counter flow, through its inherent reverse temperature profile characteristics, extends the length of liquid film wetting, optimizing the heat transfer process in high heat flux regions. This research provides experimental evidence and theoretical references for the design and operation methods of evaporators targeting high heat flux dissipation scenarios.
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