低空经济作为新质生产力的代表性产业之一，不仅可以创造新的经济增长点，还能带动低空制造、低空飞行、低空保障以及综合服务等多个相关产业的发展，对推动经济增长和促进科技创新等具有多重重要意义。低空无人机智能避障决策与安全控制是保证低空无人机高效安全运输的前提条件，因此是低空经济领域近年来的研究热点之一。本文基于国内外现有的研究成果，综述了低空无人机智能避障决策与安全控制技术的研究现状并展望了未来发展方向。主要从低空无人机安全避障决策，安全航路规划，卫星信号拒止下的低空无人机安全控制，干扰下低空无人机安全控制，以及多约束下低空无人机安全控制几个方面，综述了目前已解决的关键技术。最后，对低空无人机智能避障决策与安全控制的未来研究方向进行了展望。

As one of the representative industries of new-quality productive forces, the low-altitude economy can not only create new economic growth points but also drive the development of multiple related industries such as low-altitude manufacturing, low-altitude flight, low-altitude support, and integrated services. It holds multiple important significances for boosting economic growth and promoting technological innovation. Intelligent obstacle avoidance decision-making and safety control of low-altitude UAVs are the prerequisites for ensuring efficient and safe transportation of low-altitude UAVs, and thus have become one of the research hotspots in the field of low-altitude economy in recent years. Based on existing research achievements at home and abroad, the research status of intelligent obstacle avoidance decision-making and safety control technologies are reviewed for low-altitude UAVs and prospects their future development directions in this paper. Specifically, it summarizes the currently solved key technologies from the aspects of safety obstacle avoidance decision-making for low-altitude UAVs, safe path planning, safety control of low-altitude UAVs under satellite signal denial, safety control of low-altitude UAVs under disturbance, and safety control of low-altitude UAVs under multiple constraints. Finally, the future study directions of intelligent obstacle avoidance decision-making and safety control are prospected for low-altitude UAVs.