为提升数字阵列雷达在“宽发多收”模式对大范围防空区域的快速搜索能力，提出了一种基于动态波束赋形的搜索资源优化方法。首先针对波束在角度域的畸变问题，将波束搜索空间映射至方向余弦坐标系，对波束指向与扫描损耗统实现协同表示，其次根据各波束的能量需求建立了赋形波束模型，基于波位网格推导了赋形波束的形状和方向增益表达式，然后以最小化搜索帧周期为目标函数构建了“波束?驻留时间”联合优化模型，通过动态优化波束驻留时间与波束形状实现快速搜索，并针对性设计了预处理策略和求解方法，最后对所提优化方法的有效性进行仿真验证。实验结果表明，所提动态波束赋形方法能够利用少数波束实现对空域的有效覆盖，搜索帧周期可较常规逐波位扫描方法缩短32.35%以上，为数字阵列雷达的赋形波束运用提供了参考。
To improve the fast search capability of digital array radar in the Broad-Transmit Multi-Receive mode, an optimization method for search resources based on dynamic beamforming is proposed. First, to address the beam distortion problem in the angular domain, the beam search space is transformed into the direction cosine coordinate system to effectively combine beam pointing with scanning loss. A shaped beam model is established based on the analysis of energy requirements of each beam, and the expressions for the shape and directional gain of the shaped beam are derived based on the beam grid. Then, a joint optimization model of beam-dwell time is constructed with the objective function of minimizing the search frame period, which achieves fast search by dynamically adjusting the beam dwell time and beam shape. In addition, a targeted preprocessing strategy and solution method are designed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed optimization method is verified by simulation. Results show that the proposed dynamic beamforming method can achieve effective coverage of the airspace with a small number of beams, and the search frame period can be shortened by more than 32.35% compared with the conventional sequential beam-position scanning method. This paper provides a reference for the application of shaped beams in digital array radar systems.
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