针对空间锂冷堆氦氙闭式布雷顿循环系统的热力过程仿真及系统性能参数优化，开展基于换热器设计下的系统多回路、多部件耦合的系统性能分析建模及质量估计建模研究，构建了系统热力学模型与质量模型。在此基础上，通过分析不同工况下循环关键参数与系统性能指标间的作用关系，明确了不同参数对系统性能的影响方向及后续优化目标。以高效率、大比功、轻量化为目的，对系统展开基于NSGA-II遗传算法的多目标优化分析，得到了约束条件下的帕累托最优解集。通过采用拥挤距离法、TOPSIS熵权法两种决策算法，确定了不同决策算法下多目标优化后系统的最优解,最终系统效率较设计点相对提高31.12%，输出比功提高75.06%，质量减少了2.02%。
Focusing on the thermodynamic process simulation and performance parameter optimization of a space lithium-cooled reactor Helium-Xenon (HeXe) closed Brayton cycle system, this study investigates system performance analysis and mass estimation modeling. The research accounts for multi-loop and multi-component coupling based on heat exchanger design, leading to the construction of the system's thermodynamic and mass models.On this basis, the relationships between key cycle parameters and system performance indicators under various operating conditions were analyzed. This analysis clarified the influence of different parameters on system performance and defined subsequent optimization goals.Aiming for high efficiency, high specific work, and lightweight design, a multi-objective optimization analysis was conducted using the NSGA-II genetic algorithm, yielding a Pareto optimal solution set under defined constraints. Two decision-making algorithms—the crowding distance method and the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method—were employed to determine the optimal solutions. Ultimately, compared to the initial design point, the system efficiency improved by 31.12%, the output specific work increased by 75.06%, and the system mass was reduced by 2.02%.
[1]朱安文, 刘磊, 马世俊, 等.空间核动力在深空探测中的应用及发展综述[J].深空探测学报, 2017, 4(05):397-404
[2]周继时, 李莎, 刘磊, 等.核动力航天器总体设计研究[J].深空探测学报, 2017, 4(05):444-452
[3]El-Genk M S.Deployment history and design considerations for space reactor power systems[J].Acta Astronautica, 2009, 64(9-10):833-849
[4]Toumier J M, El-Cenk S.An assessment of thermoelectric conversion for the ERATO-20 kWe space power system[C].Proceedings of the 25th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 1990,
[5]Harty R B, Mason L S.100-kWe Lunar/Mars surface power utilizing the SP‐100 reactor with dynamic conversion[C]//American Institute of Physics. AIP Conference Proceedings. Albuquerque：AIP, 1993, 271(2): 1065-1071.
[6]Glassman A J.Summary of Brayton cycle analytical studies for space-power system applications[M]. Illinois: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1964.
[7]姚佳成, 赵兵涛, 杨其国, 等.布雷顿循环发电系统与性能的综合分析比较[J].热能动力工程, 2021, 36(10):162-170
[8]DRAGUNOV Y G.Space Nuclear Power[J].Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021, 91(3):327-334
[9]Ruault J M, Masson F, Worms J C, et al.MEGAHIT: Update on the advanced propulsion roadmap for HORIZON2020[C]//The 9-th International PAMIR conference on Fundamental and Applied MHD, Thermo Acoustic and Space Technologies. France: Engineering and Materials Science Laboratory, 2014: 16-20.
[10]Mason L S.A power conversion concept for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter[J].Journal of propulsion and power, 2004, 20(5):902-910
[11]李子扬, 郑楠, 方嘉宾, 等.再压缩-布雷顿循环性能分析及多目标优化[J].化工学报, 2024, 75(6):2143-2156
[12]Barrett M, Johnson P.Performance and Mass Modeling Subtleties in Closed-Brayton-Cycle Space Power Systems[C]//3rd International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. California: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005: 5700.
[13]李智, 杨小勇, 王捷, 等.空间反应堆布雷顿循环热力学优化分析[J].原子能科学技术, 2017, 51(07):1173-1180
[14]张秀.空间核能系统布雷顿循环性能评估及优化[D]. 哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学, 2019.67-75
[15]韩忠华, 许晨舟, 乔建领, 等.基于代理模型的高效全局气动优化设计方法研究进展[J].航空学报, 2020, 41(5):30-70
[16]Tournier J M P, El-Genk M S.Properties of noble gases and binary mixtures for closed Brayton Cycle applications[J].Energy Conversion and Management, 2008, 49(3):469-492
[17]von Arx A V, Ceyhan I.Laminar heat transfer for low Prandtl number gases[C]// American Institute of Physics. AIP Conference Proceedings. Albuquerque：AIP, 1991, 217(2): 719-722.
[18]P.L. Kirillov. Thermophysical properties of materials for nuclear engineering[M]. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency，2008.
[19]Marshall A C.RSMASS-D models: An improved method for estimating reactor and shield mass for space reactor applications[R]. Albuquerque: Sandia National Lab.(SNL-NM), 1997.
[20]Levine B.Space nuclear power plant pre-conceptual design report, for information[R]. Niskayuna: Knolls Atomic Power Lab.(KAPL), 2006.
CJA