超声速燃烧室凹腔构型优化研究进展
收稿日期: 2025-10-31
修回日期: 2025-11-17
录用日期: 2026-02-27
网络出版日期: 2026-03-16
基金资助
湖南省科技创新计划(2025RC3138);国家自然科学基金(12202487)
Research progress on cavity configuration optimization for supersonic combustors
Received date: 2025-10-31
Revised date: 2025-11-17
Accepted date: 2026-02-27
Online published: 2026-03-16
Supported by
Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2025RC3138);National Natural Science Foundation of China(12202487)
对于吸气式高超声速飞行器，燃料与超声速气流的快速充分混合、高效燃烧与火焰稳定是其动力系统即超燃冲压发动机设计的核心挑战。凹腔作为最常用的超燃冲压发动机燃烧室火焰稳定装置之一，其构型对燃料的混合燃烧过程乃至燃烧室性能具有重要影响。系统综述了凹腔构型对超声速燃烧室中流动燃烧过程及其性能影响的研究进展。首先，对超声速凹腔构型特点、流场特征结构及物理效果进行了简介。其次，总结分析了凹腔长度、深度、长深比、后缘倾角、前缘倾角等基本构型参数对凹腔回流区结构、燃料驻留时间及火焰稳定性等流动燃烧特性的影响规律。再次，从回流区/涡结构拓展、激波/膨胀波系重构、剪切层调控三方面促进混合燃烧的物理机制出发，对二维凹腔构型优化工作进行系统阐述；进一步聚焦三维凹腔优化与创新设计，探讨了流向涡增强、横向质量交换等优化方法及相关研究进展。最后，结合当前研究现状与技术瓶颈，对凹腔火焰稳定器构型优化与设计提出了建议。
周子旋 , 张林 , 孙明波 , 杨伟奇 , 乔竑玮 , 陈玉俏 , 张桐 . 超声速燃烧室凹腔构型优化研究进展[J]. 航空学报, 2026 , 47(13) : 533007 -533007 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.33007
In air-breathing hypersonic vehicles， scramjet propulsion systems face core challenges such as fast and adequate fuel-supersonic airflow mixing， effective combustion， and robust flame stabilization. As one of the most widely used flame stabilization devices in scramjet combustors， the cavity shows a profound influence on the fuel mixing and combustion process， as well as the combustor performance. This paper systematically reviews research progress on the effects of cavity configurations on flow characteristics and combustor performance in supersonic combustors. First， a concise overview of the supersonic cavity is introduced， including the basic configurations， the typical flow structures， and physical effects of the supersonic cavity. Second， the influence of fundamental cavity configuration parameters， including cavity length， depth， length-to-depth ratio， rear-wall inclination angle， and front-wall inclination angle， on flow and combustion characteristics such as cavity recirculation zone structures， fuel residence time and flame stability is summarized and analyzed. Third， the optimization of two-dimensional cavity configurations is systematically elaborated on the basis of three physical mechanisms： extension of recirculation zones/vortical structures； reconstruction of shock/expansion wave systems； and modulation of shear layer dynamics. Furthermore， three-dimensional cavity optimization is discussed， with a focus on the streamwise vortex enhancement and lateral mass exchange. Finally， recommendations are proposed for the configuration optimization and design of cavity flameholders， taking into account the current research status and technical bottlenecks.
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