光热-超疏水-相变复合表面的制备及其防冰机制

  • 卜雅琪 ,
  • 孙文 ,
  • 罗洁 ,
  • 冯妍卉 ,
  • 褚福强
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  • 1. 北京科技大学
    2. 北京科技大学能源与环境工程学院

收稿日期: 2026-01-21

  修回日期: 2026-03-01

  网络出版日期: 2026-03-04

基金资助

国家自然科学基金

Preparation of Photothermal-Superhydrophobic-Phase Change Composite Surfaces and Their Anti-Icing Mechanisms

  • BU Ya-Qi ,
  • SUN Wen ,
  • LUO Jie ,
  • FENG Yan-Hui ,
  • CHU Fu-Qiang
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Received date: 2026-01-21

  Revised date: 2026-03-01

  Online published: 2026-03-04

摘要

飞机结冰是威胁飞行安全的关键问题,发展高效、低能耗的防除冰技术对保障航空器在复杂气象条件下的安全运行具有重要意义。传统主动防除冰技术存在能耗高、依赖外部能源等局限,而单一被动防疏冰表面在低温高湿环境中易失效。为此,本研究设计并制备了兼具光热响应、相变储热与超疏水特性的复合表面。分别通过置换沉积法和一步喷涂法,在复合相变基底上构建了两种光热超疏水涂层,使表面在太阳辐照下可迅速升温,促使冰滴在未完全融化时从倾斜表面滚落,实现高效自除冰。该表面在低温下仍能维持超疏水性,显著延缓液滴冻结。通过引入以泡沫铜增强的正十二烷相变腔体,有效克服了传统相变材料热导率低、传热不均的局限,将复合表面在无光照条件下的主动控温时间延长至1000 s以上,大幅提升了其在间歇性光照环境中的防冰可靠性。通过系统分析液滴冻结/融化全周期的传热过程,揭示了光热、超疏水及相变效应在防冰与除冰各阶段的协同作用机制。本研究为航空航天领域开发新一代长效、节能型防除冰表面提供了理论支撑与技术路径。

本文引用格式

卜雅琪 , 孙文 , 罗洁 , 冯妍卉 , 褚福强 . 光热-超疏水-相变复合表面的制备及其防冰机制[J]. 航空学报, 0 : 1 -0 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.33404

Abstract

Aircraft icing poses a critical threat to flight safety, underscoring the need for advanced high-efficiency and energy-efficient anti-/de-icing technologies to ensure safe and reliable operation of aircraft under complex meteorological conditions. Traditional active anti-/de-icing methods are often limited by high energy consumption and reliance on external power sources, while single-function passive icephobic surfaces tend to fail in low-temperature, high-humidity environments. To address these challenges, this study presents the design and fabrication of multifunctional composite surfaces integrating photothermal response, phase-change thermal storage, and superhydrophobicity. Two photothermal superhydrophobic coatings were constructed on the composite phase-change substrate by displacement deposition and one-step spraying, respectively. Under solar irradiation, the surfaces rapidly heat up, enabling ice droplets to roll off the inclined surfaces before complete melting, thereby achieving efficient self-de-icing. The surfaces maintain stable superhydrophobicity even at low temperatures, significantly delaying droplet freezing. By embedding a copper foam-reinforced n-dodecane phase-change cavity, the inherent limitations of low thermal conductivity and non-uniform heat transfer in conventional phase-change materials are effectively overcome. This design extends the active temperature control duration to over 1000 s under dark conditions, greatly improving anti-icing reliability in intermittent illumination scenarios. Through systematic analysis of the heat transfer processes during the full droplet freezing–melting cycle, the synergistic mechanisms of photothermal conversion, superhydrophobicity, and phase-change thermal storage across different stages of anti-icing and de-icing are elucidated. This work provides both theoretical support and a technical roadmap for developing new-generation durable, energy-efficient anti-/de-icing surfaces for aerospace applications.

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