摘 要：为了探究波浪环境下水上飞机起降过程中气-水动力耦合作用对运动响应的影响，以某型水上飞机缩比模型为研究对象，结合背景域整体动网格与重叠网格的方法，采用SST k-ω模型、VOF自由液面模型及DFBI六自由度模型构建气-液两相流耦合数值仿真方法。首先，通过对比静水试验与数值结果，验证了该方法的准确性。然后，通过数值计算研究了静水与波浪环境下（波长5?m、波高0.07?m）飞机起降过程中的气-水耦合与运动响应特性。研究表明，水上飞机在运动过程中，气-水耦合作用主要体现为流场压力分布、触水时序及载荷响应的演化特征，起飞过程分为加速滑行、高速滑跳与离水起飞三个阶段，气-水耦合作用随速度呈现三阶段特征，低速滑行阶段水动力主导，中速阶段气-水动力协同作用，高速滑跳阶段气动力主导，且该阶段由于机翼尾流区涡团脱落引发俯仰力矩失稳，加剧了气-水动力耦合波动。降落过程中，静水环境首次触水垂向载荷为4g，舯部呈高-中-低压力梯度，高速滑跳阶段因机身不同部位先后触水，水平阻力与垂向载荷呈现双峰值；而波浪环境下首次触水位于波浪上升区附近，垂向载荷为6.5g，较静水提升62.5%，滑跳阶段因出现多次小幅冲击形成波浪缓冲效应，最大垂向受载为1.88g，冲击载荷降低。本研究揭示了气-水耦合作用在不同环境工况、不同阶段对水上飞机运动特性的影响，为其在复杂环境下的性能优化提供了方法和数据支撑。

Abstract：To investigate the effects of air-water coupling on motion response of seaplane in wave environment during the takeoff and landing process, a scaled model of seaplane was used as the research object. The numerical simulation method of air-liquid two-phase flow coupling was established based on the background domain global dynamic mesh and overset mesh method, SST k-ω model, VOF free surface model, and DFBI six-degree-of-freedom model. Firstly, the accuracy of this numerical method was verified by comparing the results of static water experiments. Then, the air-water coupling and motion response characteristics of seaplane during the takeoff and landing process in still water and wave environment (wave length 5 m, wave height 0.07 m) were numerically studied. The research shows that air-water coupling effects during the movement of seaplane are mainly reflected in the evolution characteristics of flow field pressure distribution, contact timing and load response. The takeoff process is divided into three phases: accelerated taxiing, high-speed skipping, and takeoff. The air-water coupling effects exhibit three-phase characteristics with velocity. The hydrodynamic force is dominant in the low-speed taxiing phase. Hydrodynamic and aerodynamic forces coupling effects work together in medium-speed phase. The aerodynamic force is dominant in the high-speed skipping phase. Additionally, during this phase, the instability of the pitch moment caused by vortex shedding in the wing wake exacerbates the hydrodynamic and aerodynamic force coupling fluctuations. During the landing process, the initial vertical load upon first contact with water was 4g in still water environment, with a high-medium-low pressure gradient observed amidships. In the high-speed skipping phase, due to different parts of the fuselage contacting the water sequentially, both horizontal resistance and vertical load exhibited double peaks. In wave environment, the first contact with water occurred near the wave ascent area, and the vertical load of 6.5g, an increase of 62.5% compared to that in still water. In the skipping phase, the wave buffering effects are formed due to multiple small impacts. The maximum vertical load is only 1.88 g. The impact load is effectively reduced. This study reveals the influence of air-water coupling effects on the motion characteristics of seaplane in different conditions and phases, providing methods and data support for its performance optimization in complex environments.