固体力学与飞行器总体设计

水上飞机起降过程气-水耦合作用与运动响应特性

  • 陈泰然 ,
  • 杨奇麟 ,
  • 龙金成 ,
  • 焦俊 ,
  • 史圣哲
展开
  • 1.北京理工大学 机械与车辆学院,北京 100081
    2.北京理工大学 重庆创新中心,重庆 401120
    3.中航通飞研究院有限公司,珠海 519040
    4.中国特种飞行器研究所,荆门 448035
    5.高速水动力航空科技重点实验室,荆门 448035
.E-mail: longjc009@avic.com

收稿日期: 2025-08-31

  修回日期: 2025-10-28

  录用日期: 2026-01-10

  网络出版日期: 2026-02-09

基金资助

航空科学基金(20230023072001)

Air-water coupling effect and motion response characteristics of seaplane during takeoff and landing process

  • Tairan CHEN ,
  • Qilin YANG ,
  • Jincheng LONG ,
  • Jun JIAO ,
  • Shengzhe SHI
Expand
  • 1.School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China
    2.Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center,Chongqing 401120,China
    3.China Aviation General Aircraft Research Institute Co. ,Ltd. ,Zhuhai 519040,China
    4.China Special Vehicle Research Institute,Jingmen 448035,China
    5.Aviation Key Scientific and Technological Laboratory of High Speed Hydrodynamic,Jingmen 448035,China
E-mail: longjc009@avic.com

Received date: 2025-08-31

  Revised date: 2025-10-28

  Accepted date: 2026-01-10

  Online published: 2026-02-09

Supported by

Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(20230023072001)

摘要

为了探究波浪环境下水上飞机起降过程中气-水动力耦合作用对运动响应的影响,以水上飞机缩比模型为研究对象,结合背景域整体动网格与重叠网格的方法,采用SST k-ω模型、VOF自由液面模型及DFBI六自由度模型构建气-液两相流耦合数值仿真方法。首先,通过对比静水试验与数值结果,验证了该方法的准确性。然后,通过数值计算研究了静水与波浪环境下(波长5 m、波高0.07 m)飞机起降过程中的气-水耦合与运动响应特性。研究表明,水上飞机在运动过程中,气-水耦合作用主要体现为流场压力分布、触水时序及载荷响应的演化特征,起飞过程分为加速滑行、高速滑跳与离水起飞3个阶段,气-水耦合作用随速度呈现三阶段特征,低速滑行阶段水动力主导,中速阶段气-水动力协同作用,高速滑跳阶段气动力主导,且该阶段由于机翼尾流区涡团脱落引发俯仰力矩失稳,加剧了气-水动力耦合波动。降落过程中,静水环境首次触水垂向载荷为4g,舯部呈高-中-低压力梯度,高速滑跳阶段因机身不同部位先后触水,水平阻力与垂向载荷呈现双峰值;而波浪环境下首次触水位于波浪上升区附近,垂向载荷为6.5g,较静水提升62.5%,滑跳阶段因出现多次小幅冲击形成波浪缓冲效应,最大垂向受载为1.88g,冲击载荷降低。研究揭示了气-水耦合作用在不同环境工况、不同阶段对水上飞机运动特性的影响,为其在复杂环境下的性能优化提供了方法和数据支撑。

本文引用格式

陈泰然 , 杨奇麟 , 龙金成 , 焦俊 , 史圣哲 . 水上飞机起降过程气-水耦合作用与运动响应特性[J]. 航空学报, 2026 , 47(12) : 232738 -232738 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.32738

Abstract

To investigate the effects of air-water coupling on motion response of seaplane in wave environment during the takeoff and landing process, a scaled model of seaplane was used as the research object. The numerical simulation method of air-liquid two-phase flow coupling was established based on the background domain global dynamic mesh and overset mesh method, SST k-ω model, VOF free surface model, and DFBI six-degree-of-freedom model. Firstly, the accuracy of this numerical method was verified by comparing the results of static water experiments. Then, the air-water coupling and motion response characteristics of seaplane during the takeoff and landing process in still water and wave environment (wave length 5 m, wave height 0.07 m) were numerically studied. The research shows that air-water coupling effects during the movement of seaplane are mainly reflected in the evolution characteristics of flow field pressure distribution, contact timing and load response. The takeoff process is divided into three phases: accelerated taxiing, high-speed skipping, and takeoff. The air-water coupling effects exhibit three-phase characteristics with velocity. The hydrodynamic force is dominant in the low-speed taxiing phase. Hydrodynamic and aerodynamic forces coupling effects work together in medium-speed phase. The aerodynamic force is dominant in the high-speed skipping phase. Additionally, during this phase, the instability of the pitch moment caused by vortex shedding in the wing wake exacerbates the hydrodynamic and aerodynamic force coupling fluctuations. During the landing process, the initial vertical load upon first contact with water was 4g in still water environment, with a high-medium-low pressure gradient observed amidships. In the high-speed skipping phase, due to different parts of the fuselage contacting the water sequentially, both horizontal resistance and vertical load exhibited double peaks. In wave environment, the first contact with water occurred near the wave ascent area, and the vertical load of 6.5g, an increase of 62.5% compared to that in still water. In the skipping phase, the wave buffering effects are formed due to multiple small impacts. The maximum vertical load is only 1.88g. The impact load is effectively reduced. This study reveals the influence of air-water coupling effects on the motion characteristics of seaplane in different conditions and phases, providing methods and data support for its performance optimization in complex environments.

参考文献

[1] 黄领才, 雍明培. 水陆两栖飞机的关键技术和产业应用前景[J]. 航空学报201940(1): 522708.
  HUANG L C, YONG M P. Key technologies and industrial application prospects of amphibian aircraft[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica201940(1): 522708 (in Chinese).
[2] 申蒸洋, 陈孝明, 黄领才. 大型水陆两栖飞机特殊任务模式对总体设计的挑战[J]. 航空学报201940(1): 522400.
  SHEN Z Y, CHEN X M, HUANG L C. Challenges for aircraft design due to special mission models of large-scale amphibious aircraft[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica201940(1): 522400 (in Chinese).
[3] LIN M C, SHIEH L D. Simultaneous measurements of water impact on a two-dimensional body[J]. Fluid Dynamics Research199719(3): 125-148.
[4] 孙辉, 卢炽华, 何友声. 二维楔形体冲击入水时的流固耦合响应的实验研究[J]. 水动力学研究与进展(A辑)200318(1): 104-109.
  SUN H, LU C H, HE Y S. Experimental research on the fluid-structure interaction in water entry of 2D elastic wedge[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics200318(1): 104-109 (in Chinese).
[5] WATANABE S. Resistance of impact on water surface, part I-Cone[J]. Institute of Physical and Chemical Research193012: 251-267.
[6] WATANABE S. Resistance of impact on water surface, part II-Cone(continued)[J]. Institute of Physical and Chemical Research193014: 153-168.
[7] BOTTOMLEY G H. The impact of a model seaplane floats on water: Reports and Memoranda No.583[R]. Washington, D.C.: NACA, 1919.
[8] 郗超, 刘静, 贾晓鹏. 船身式水上飞机起飞距离研究[J]. 航空科学技术201627(10): 12-15.
  XI C, LIU J, JIA X P. Takeoff distance research of flying boat[J]. Aeronautical Science Technology201627(10): 12-15 (in Chinese).
[9] 左仔滨, 李成华. 水池环境对水上飞机全机模型试验的影响[J]. 科学技术与工程202525(4): 1711-1716.
  ZUO Z B, LI C H. Influence of tank environment on the test of seaplane model[J]. Science Technology and Engineering202525(4): 1711-1716 (in Chinese).
[10] 孙丰, 吴彬, 廉滋鼎, 等. 着水姿态对大型水陆两栖飞机着水性能的影响[J]. 船舶力学201923(4): 397-404.
  SUN F, WU B, LIAN Z D, et al. Influence of pitch angle on water-entry performance of large-scale amphibian aircraft hull[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics201923(4): 397-404 (in Chinese).
[11] 杨荣, 杨智春, 魏浩格. 大型水陆两栖飞机抗浪需求分析[J]. 航空学报202546(10): 231145.
  YANG R, YANG Z C, WEI H G. Demand analysis of wave resistance for large amphibious aircraft[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica202546(10): 231145 (in Chinese).
[12] GAO X J, LI C H, LIU T, et al. Research on wave motion response characteristics of a seaplane[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series20211985(1): 012031.
[13] ZHANG H, CHEN J, WANG F, et al. Scale effect on water landing performance of amphibious aircraft[C]∥ 34th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences. 2024.
[14] WEN Q, CHENG Z H, YANG K Z, et al. Influence of model scale on wave landing characteristics of seaplane[C]∥2023 Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Aerospace Technology (APISAT 2023) Proceedings. Singapore: Springer, 2024: 917-926.
[15] GUO Y, MA D L, YANG M Q, et al. Numerical analysis of the take-off performance of a seaplane in calm water[J]. Applied Sciences202111(14): 6442.
[16] 段旭鹏. 水上飞机水面滑行起降的数值模拟[D]. 西安: 西北工业大学, 2020.
  DUAN X P. Numerical simulation of seaplane taxiing and landing on water surface[D]. Xi’an: Northwestern Polytechnical University, 2020 (in Chinese).
[17] LU Y, DEL BUONO A, XIAO T, et al. Loads prediction at early stage of water landing on amphibious aircraft with a V-shaped hull[C]∥ 9th European Conference for Aeronautics and Space Sciences. 2022.
[18] 马增辉, 刘立胜, 朱国甫, 等. 水陆两栖飞机波浪水面上着水动力特性研究[J]. 计算机仿真201835(7): 41-45.
  MA Z H, LIU L S, ZHU G F, et al. Investigation of dynamic characteristics of amphibious aircraft landing on waves[J]. Computer Simulation201835(7): 41-45 (in Chinese).
[19] ZHA R S, WANG K, SUN J L, et al. Numerical simulations of seaplane ditching on calm water and uniform water current coupled with wind[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering202412(2): 296.
[20] QIU L J, SONG W B. Efficient decoupled hydrodynamic and aerodynamic analysis of amphibious aircraft water takeoff process[J]. Journal of Aircraft201350(5): 1369-1379.
[21] ZHU Y G, FAN G L, YI J Q. Controller design for flying boats taking off from water with regular waves[C]∥ 2012 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2012: 480-485.
[22] MASRI J, DALA L, HUARD B. A review of the analytical methods used for seaplanes’ performance prediction[J]. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology201991(6): 820-833.
[23] DUAN X P, SUN W P, CHEN C, et al. Numerical investigation of the porpoising motion of a seaplane planing on water with high speeds[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology201984: 980-994.
[24] WANG L X, YIN H P, YANG K, et al. Water takeoff performance calculation method for amphibious aircraft based on digital virtual flight[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics202033(12): 3082-3091.
[25] 张浪, 程用胜, 王福新. 水上飞机静水起飞过程水气耦合性能分析[J]. 科学技术与工程201818(11): 190-195.
  ZHANG L, CHENG Y S, WANG F X. Coupled hydrodynamic and aerodynamic performance analysis of seaplane take-off process in calm water[J]. Science Technology and Engineering201818(11): 190-195 (in Chinese).
[26] WANG M Z, WU G L, LV H Q, et al. Non-linear time-varying modeling and simulation methods for hydrodynamic-aerodynamic coupling near-surface flight scenarios[J]. Aerospace202512(2): 133.
[27] FRAZZA L, LOSEILLE A, DERVIEUX A, et al. Nonlinear corrector for Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations[J]. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids201991(11): 557-585.
[28] MENTER F R. Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications[J]. AIAA Journal199432(8): 1598-1605.
[29] HIRT C W, NICHOLS B D. Volume of Fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries[J]. Journal of Computational Physics198139(1): 201-225.
[30] 马云飞, 李涛, 熊进标. 基于VOF方法和DFBI模型的溃坝水流数值模拟[J]. 应用科技202148(4): 23-28.
  MA Y F, LI T, XIONG J B. Numerical simulation method of dam break flow based on VOF method and DFBI model[J]. Applied Science and Technology202148(4): 23-28 (in Chinese).
[31] 石林飞. 波浪中水陆两栖飞机滑行运动及起降特性研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工程大学, 2022.
  SHI L F. Research on taxiing motion and take-off and landing characteristics of amphibious aircraft in waves[D]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University, 2022 (in Chinese).
[32] 高现娇, 桑腾蛟, 史圣哲. 网格运动方式对水陆两栖飞机单船身阻力计算影响[J]. 船海工程202453(3): 69-73.
  GAO X J, SANG T J, SHI S Z. Influence of grid motion mode upon numerical calculation of fuselage resistance for an amphibious aircraft[J]. Ship Ocean Engineering202453(3): 69-73 (in Chinese).
[33] 褚林塘. 水上飞机水动力设计[M]. 北京: 航空工业出版社, 2014.
  CHU L T. Seaplane hydrodynamic design[M]. Beijing: Aviation Industry Press, 2014 (in Chinese).
[34] 黄淼, 吴彬, 蒋荣, 等. 水上飞机在波浪上运动响应特性试验研究[J]. 实验流体力学201529(3): 41-46.
  HUANG M, WU B, JIANG R, et al. Experimental study on motion response of a seaplane on waves[J]. Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics201529(3): 41-46 (in Chinese).
[35] 周立胜, 杨荣, 王艳艳. 基于结构能力的水上飞机适海性研究[J]. 科技创新与应用202414(6): 92-94, 99.
  ZHOU L S, YANG R, WANG Y Y. Research on seaplane seaworthiness based on structural capacity[J]. Technology Innovation and Application202414(6): 92-94, 99 (in Chinese).
文章导航

/