碳纤维复合材料具有高比模量和高比强度的特点。在飞机轻量化和低能耗化的发展趋势下，基于碳纤维复合材料的电热防冰系统具有广泛的应用前景。为了减少碳纤维复合材料电热防冰系统的功率消耗，针对具有各向异性导热特点的碳纤维复合材料蒙皮，提出了基于差分进化算法的电热功率分布优化方法。引入坐标变换法计算碳纤维复合材料翼型蒙皮内的各向异性导热过程，建立耦合碳纤维复合材料各向异性导热和溢流水模型的电热防冰系统分析模型。建立基于差分进化算法和电热防冰耦合模型的优化框架，实现对电热防冰系统功率分布的优化。结冰条件相同时，优化后保证防冰性能所需的功率消耗降低了8%；在电热防冰系统功率分布设计时，为了保证防冰性能并实现系统能耗的最小化，可以通过调整功率分布，在对流换热系数大的区域降低防冰表面温度以减少热损失，同时在对流换热系数小的区域升高防冰表面温度以确保足够撞击水被蒸发。

Carbon fiber composites have the characteristics of high specific modulus and high specific strength. Under the development trend of lightweight and low energy consumption of aircraft, the electrothermal anti-icing system based on carbon fiber composites has a wide application prospect. To reduce the power consumption of the electrothermal anti-icing system of carbon fiber composites, an optimization method of electrothermal power distribution based on differential evolution algorithm is proposed for the carbon fiber composite skin with anisotropic thermal conductivity characteristics. The coordinate transformation method is introduced to calculate the anisotropic heat conduction process in the carbon fiber composite airfoil skin, and an analytical model of the electrothermal anti-icing system coupled with anisotropic heat conduction and runback water model of carbon fiber composite is established. An optimization framework based on the differential evolution algorithm and the coupled electrothermal anti-icing model is established to realize the optimization process of the power distribution of the electrothermal anti-icing system. The optimization results for the electrothermal anti-icing system with multi-layer structure show that the optimization framework can optimize the power distribution of the electrothermal anti-icing system. When icing conditions are the same, the optimized power consumption required to ensure anti-icing performance is reduced by 8%. In the power distribution design of an electrothermal anti-icing system, to ensure anti-icing performance while minimizing energy consumption, the power distribution can be adjusted by lowering the surface temperature in areas with high convective heat transfer coefficients to reduce heat loss, while raising the surface temperature in areas with low convective heat transfer coefficients to ensure sufficient evaporation of impinging water.