橇板起落装置是飞行器在积雪、沼泽等非铺砌道面实现安全起降的核心组件，为极地科考、偏远地区航空运输等特殊环境作业提供了关键技术保障。然而，现有研究多聚焦于铺砌道面，针对积雪道面的起落装置落震受载特性分析较为匮乏，难以支撑橇板装置的正向设计与飞行器积雪环境起降安全性评估工作。以橇板起落装置在积雪道面的落震受载特性为研究对象，联合耦合欧拉-拉格朗日法(CEL)与Capped Drucker-Prager(CDP)积雪本构模型，建立起落装置雪地受载动力学分析方法；通过雪地平板沉陷试验数据，验证了该分析方法的有效性。在此基础上，系统研究了固定式、支柱式、摇臂式三类典型橇板起落装置在落震阶段的冲击载荷特性，针对性分析了下沉速度、积雪厚度对垂向受载的影响规律。仿真结果表明：下沉速度的减小以及积雪厚度的提升将显著减小橇板垂向峰值载荷，当积雪厚度从300mm增至500mm时，峰值载荷下降52.4%；与此同时，相较于积雪吸能而言，缓冲器的吸能作用占主导地位；相比摇臂式橇板起落装置，下沉速度的提升将显著影响支柱式橇板起落装置中机轮与橇板的稳态载荷分配比例，大幅恶化轮胎垂向受载情况。

Ski landing gears are core components that enable aircraft to take off and land safely on unpaved surfaces such as snow and swamps. They provide key technical support for operations in special environments, including polar scientific expeditions and air transportation in remote areas. However, most existing studies focus on paved surfaces, while analyses on the drop impact load characteristics of landing gears on snow-covered surfaces are relatively scarce. This scarcity makes it difficult to support the forward design of ski devices and the safety assessment of aircraft takeoff and landing in snowy environments. The drop impact load characteristics of ski landing gears on snow-covered surfaces are taken as the research object, and a dynamic analysis method for the snow load-bearing of landing gears is established by combining the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method and the Capped Drucker-Prager (CDP) snow constitutive model. The effectiveness of this analysis method is verified using test data from snow-covered flat plate settlement tests. On this basis, the impact load characteristics of three typical ski landing gears (fixed, strut, and articulated) during the drop impact phase are systematically studied, and the influence laws of sink rate and snow depth on vertical load-bearing are specifically analyzed. The simulation results show that a decrease in sink rate and an increase in snow depth significantly reduce the vertical peak load of the ski. When the snow depth increases from 300mm to 500mm, the peak load decreases by 52.4%. Meanwhile, compared with the energy absorption capacity of snow, the buffer plays a dominant role in energy dissipation. Compared with the articulated ski landing gear, an increase in sink rate directly affects the steady-state load distribution ratio between the wheels and ski of strut-type ski landing gear, significantly worsening the vertical load-bearing condition of the tires.