液滴撞击微纳结构表面动力学及抑冰机制研究

岳思源; 岳晓菲; 徐尚成; 王翼

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.33028

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.33028

液滴撞击微纳结构表面动力学及抑冰机制研究

岳思源 ,
岳晓菲 ,
徐尚成 ,
王翼

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1. 国防科技大学
2. 国防科技大学空天科学学院

收稿日期: 2025-11-03

修回日期: 2026-01-04

网络出版日期: 2026-01-09

基金资助

国家自然科学基金;湖南省自然科学基金

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Study on dynamics and ice-restraint mechanism of droplet impact on micro-nano structured surfaces

YUE Si-Yuan ,
YUE Xiao-Fei ,
XU Shang-Cheng ,
WANG Yi

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Received date: 2025-11-03

Revised date: 2026-01-04

Online published: 2026-01-09

Supported by

National Natural Science Foundation of China;Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province

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摘要

针对航空领域飞行器表面与发动机内部结构结冰问题，以及发展被动式防除冰技术的现实需求，通过实验研究与理论推导相结合的方法，系统研究了液滴撞击低温水平与倾斜微纳结构表面动力学过程。基于能量守恒方程，揭示了表面微纳结构、表面温度以及撞击速度对液滴撞击模式、铺展系数与冻结时间的影响机制，并建立了液滴最大铺展系数的预测模型。研究结果表明，低温表面抑制液滴回弹，随着温度降低，液滴撞击模式依次表现为完全回弹、部分回弹与沉积。当表面温度高于-5℃时，液滴先铺展后回缩，微纳结构能够显著减小液滴铺展系数。当表面温度低于-5℃时，液滴在达到最大铺展后进入冻结阶段，铺展系数在初期增大后趋于稳定，且该阶段的铺展系数随表面温度降低而增大。液滴在低温表面的最大铺展系数与韦伯数满足二分之一次方定律。微纳复合结构表面较微米级结构表面延缓液滴冻结能力更强。增大表面倾斜角度、提高表面温度与减小液滴韦伯数能够有效增大液滴冻结时间。

关键词： 液滴撞击; 微纳结构; 撞击模式; 铺展系数; 冻结时间

本文引用格式

岳思源 , 岳晓菲 , 徐尚成 , 王翼 . 液滴撞击微纳结构表面动力学及抑冰机制研究[J]. 航空学报, 0 : 1 -0 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.33028

Abstract

Addressing the icing problem on aircraft surfaces and internal engine structures in aviation, alongside the practical need for developing passive anti-icing technologies, the study systematically investigated the dynamic processes of droplet impact on low-temperature horizontal and inclined micro-nano structured surfaces. The study was achieved through a combined approach of experimental research and theoretical derivation. Based on the energy conservation equation, the influence mechanisms of micro-nano structures, surface temperature, and impact velocity on droplet impact patterns, spreading coefficient, and freezing time were elucidated. A predictive model for the maximum droplet spreading coefficient has been established. Research findings indicate that low-temperature surfaces inhibit droplet rebound. As temperature decreases, droplet impact pattern sequentially exhibits complete rebound, partial rebound, and deposition. When surface temperature exceeds -5°C, droplets first spread before retracting, with micro- nano structures significantly reducing the spreading coefficient. Below -5°C, droplets enter the freezing stage after reaching maximum spreading and the spreading coefficient increases initially before stabilizing. During the freezing stage, the spreading coefficient increases as the surface temperature decreases. The maximum spreading coefficient of droplets on low-temperature surfaces follows a one-half power law with Weber number. Micro-nano composite structures exhibit stronger delaying capabilities against droplet freezing compared to micro surfaces. Increasing the surface inclination angle, raising surface temperature, and reducing the droplet Weber number can effectively prolong the droplet freezing time.

Key words： Droplet impact; micro-nano structure; impact pattern; spreading coefficient; freezing time

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