液体火箭反推进再入过程底部热环境与流动特性
收稿日期: 2025-09-10
修回日期: 2025-10-23
录用日期: 2025-11-28
网络出版日期: 2025-12-15
基金资助
民用航天技术预先研究项目(D020201)
Base-region thermal environment and flow characteristics of liquid rocket in retro-propulsion re-entry process
Received date: 2025-09-10
Revised date: 2025-10-23
Accepted date: 2025-11-28
Online published: 2025-12-15
Supported by
Civil Aerospace Technology Pre-Research Project(D020201)
可重复使用液体火箭是未来航天运输系统的重要发展方向,火箭垂直再入过程中底部发动机以非规则构型迎风下降,局部热环境和流动特性十分复杂。针对猎鹰9号v1.2的构型设计箭体,根据再入过程的特点选取了高空动力减速、高空气动减速、低空气动减速、低空动力减速4个典型阶段,开展了发动机迎风再入绕流气动特性仿真研究。再入过程箭体热环境呈高度瞬态、非均匀特征,羽流结构随高度和发动机工况发生显著变化。动力减速阶段因羽流-来流强耦合,其流动紊乱程度与热流峰值均显著高于气动减速阶段。二次燃烧对低空远场羽流的热影响具有全域性。4个典型阶段中,最大热流始终集中于喷管出口外沿及箭体底部边缘区域,峰值可达380 kW/m2,所得结论可为发动机热防护设计提供支撑。
郑昊 , 唐勇 , 陈湘男 , 李霁 , 林志强 , 石保禄 . 液体火箭反推进再入过程底部热环境与流动特性[J]. 航空学报, 2026 , 47(8) : 132772 -132772 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32772
Reusable liquid-propellant launch vehicles constitute a pivotal direction for future space transportation systems. During vertical re-entry of a rocket, the aft-mounted engines descend in an irregular configuration facing the freestream. The local thermal environment and flow characteristics are highly complex. A simulation study of the flow over a Falcon 9 v1.2 derived geometry was conducted for four representative re-entry phases: high-altitude powered deceleration, high-altitude aerodynamic deceleration, low-altitude aerodynamic deceleration, and low-altitude powered deceleration. The vehicle thermal environment is markedly transient and non-uniform: plume morphology evolves continuously with altitude and engine operating condition. Powered deceleration phases exhibit substantially stronger flow disturbances and heat-flux maxima than aerodynamic deceleration phases owing to intense plume-freestream coupling. Secondary combustion exerts a global thermal influence on the far-field plume at low altitude. Across the four characteristic stages, the peak heat flux persistently localizes at the nozzle lip and the aft-edge of the rocket base, reaching 380 kW/m2, these data constitute a quantitative basis for engine thermal-protection design.
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