为了对比自激扫掠喷嘴、圆孔直射喷嘴和空心锥离心喷嘴等三种压力型喷嘴在高速气流环境下的横向喷射液雾特性，本研究首先对三种压力型喷嘴在静止大气环境下的基本工作特性进行了初步分析，进而在0.4马赫的高速气流环境下，采用了平面激光米氏散射成像法，分析了三种喷嘴在不同工况下的瞬时液雾形态，以及时均液雾浓度分布。结果表明，自激扫掠喷嘴在静止大气中雾化性能介于直射与离心喷嘴之间，但在高速气流下，自激扫掠喷嘴的最大穿透深度比离心喷嘴高67%，是直射喷嘴的79%；展向散布距离与离心喷嘴相当，均比直射喷嘴高150%。采用液雾矩形散布面积假设，则自激扫掠喷嘴的整体散布面积是离心喷嘴的1.67倍，是直射喷嘴的2.17倍。且自激扫掠喷嘴在中心截面及侧向截面上的相关高浓度区域面积均显著高于直射喷嘴和离心喷嘴，表现出最佳的液雾散布均匀度。本研究初步证明了在高速气流环境下，自激扫掠喷嘴在提高液雾展向扩散距离、整体散布面积，改善液雾分布均匀度方面的特殊优势，可为冲压/加力燃烧室、射流预冷进气道等高速气流环境下的液态工质喷射提供全新的技术方案。

This study presents a systematic investigation into the transverse spray dispersion characteristics of three pressure nozzles, a self-excited sweeping nozzle, a plain-orifice nozzle, and a hollow-cone swirl nozzle, under high-speed crossflow conditions at Mach 0.4. Initial characterization of their fundamental atomization performance was conducted in quiescent air, followed by spray field visualization in high-speed flow using planar laser Mie scattering imaging to quantify transient spray structures and time-averaged droplet concentration distributions. The results show that the self-excited sweeping nozzle demonstrated intermediate atomization performance between plain-orifice nozzle and hollow-cone swirl nozzle under quiescent environment. In high-speed crossflow, however, the self-excited sweeping nozzle achieves a 67% greater maximum penetration depth than the swirl nozzle and reaches 79% of that of the plain-orifice nozzle, and its spanwise spread distance matches the swirl nozzle, both 150% exceeding the plain-orifice nozzle. Assuming a rectangular spray distribution area, the total coverage area of the self-excited sweeping nozzle is 1.67 times that of the swirl nozzle and 2.17 times that of the plain-orifice nozzle. Moreover, the high-concentration droplet regions in both the central and lateral cross-sections of the self-excited sweeping nozzle are significantly larger than those of the other two nozzles, demonstrating superior spray uniformity. This study preliminarily confirms the unique advantages of the self-excited sweeping nozzle in enhancing spanwise diffusion, total spray coverage, and distribution uniformity in high-speed airflow environments. These findings provide a novel technical solution for liquid injection applications under high-speed airflow conditions such as scramjet/afterburner combustors and jet precooling systems.