现代战争正朝着“信息化、无人化、多域化、智能化”方向发展，智能弹药作为精确打击与高效毁伤火力体系的重要组成部分，已成为夺取战争主动权并赢得胜利的关键因素之一。结构分系统是智能弹药的脊梁，是实现弹药轻量化高效设计的基础载体，本文围绕“单体—群体—体系”三层智能架构，重点剖析了国内外在轻量化抗高过载、隔热承载一体化、智能材料主动调控、低成本模块化等关键技术的最新应用进展，梳理了国内外相关技术的应用与发展动态，并对智能弹药结构关键技术的发展进行了展望，以期为未来跨域联合作战及跨平台、大规模作战中智能弹药的成功运用提供支撑。

Modern warfare is evolving toward “informationization, unmanned operation, multi-domain integration and intelligence.” As a decisive element of precision-strike and high-efficiency firepower systems, intelligent munitions have become a key factor in seizing battlefield initiative and ensuring victory. The structural subsystem constitutes the backbone of intelligent munitions and the fundamental carrier for lightweight, high-efficiency design. Focusing on a three-tier intelligent architecture of “individual–swarm–system-of-systems,” this paper dissects the latest advances at home and abroad in such critical technologies as lightweight anti-high-overload structures, integrated thermal-protection/load-bearing structures, active control via smart materials, low-cost modularity, and highly reliable dynamic dispensing. Development trends of relevant technologies are reviewed and future directions for key structural technologies of intelligent munitions are envisioned, so as to underpin the successful employment of intelligent munitions in future cross-domain joint operations and large-scale, cross-platform combat.