流体力学与飞行力学

基于流热固耦合仿真的航空发动机暖机特性及其对推力的影响

  • 邵发宁 ,
  • 杨超 ,
  • 陈娉婷 ,
  • 王飞龙 ,
  • 赵伟辰 ,
  • 宁博 ,
  • 毛军逵
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  • 1.南京航空航天大学 能源与动力学院,南京 210016
    2.中国航发沈阳发动机研究所,沈阳 110015
.E-mail: mjkpe@nuaa.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2025-04-10

  修回日期: 2025-05-06

  录用日期: 2025-07-02

  网络出版日期: 2025-07-15

基金资助

国家级项目

Warm-up characteristics and thrust impact of aero-engines based on fluid-thermal-solid coupled simulation

  • Faning SHAO ,
  • Chao YANG ,
  • Pingting CHEN ,
  • Feilong WANG ,
  • Weichen ZHAO ,
  • Bo NING ,
  • Junkui MAO
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  • 1.College of Energy and Power Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China
    2.AECC Shenyang Engine Research Institute,Shenyang 110015,China
E-mail: mjkpe@nuaa.edu.cn

Received date: 2025-04-10

  Revised date: 2025-05-06

  Accepted date: 2025-07-02

  Online published: 2025-07-15

Supported by

National Level Project

摘要

航空发动机在起飞前需要在地面保持较高转速进行暖机,否则将造成起飞过程中的推力下降。针对上述问题,以小涵道比涡扇发动机核心机为对象,结合发动机流体域一维模型和固体域二维轴对称有限元模型,开发了一种流热固耦合计算方法,实现了发动机主流道、空气系统和多部件热分析及变形分析的跨尺度耦合仿真。仿真结果表明:叶尖间隙大于设计值是造成起飞阶段发动机推力下降的主要原因。暖机能够减小起飞过程中的叶尖间隙,高压涡轮效率提升0.85%,压气机效率提升0.5%,进而促使高压转速最大提升0.51%,增大了核心机流量,降低了发动机的涵道比,最终导致发动机起飞阶段的最小推力上升2.4%。研究结果进一步表明,增加暖机时间或增加暖机转速均可提升起飞推力,但暖机转速小于0.75时无法通过增加转速减小高压涡轮叶尖间隙。最后基于序列二次规划算法,构建了以推力需求为约束条件的暖机参数优化模型,实现了不同工况下最短暖机时间与转速的优化。

本文引用格式

邵发宁 , 杨超 , 陈娉婷 , 王飞龙 , 赵伟辰 , 宁博 , 毛军逵 . 基于流热固耦合仿真的航空发动机暖机特性及其对推力的影响[J]. 航空学报, 2026 , 47(2) : 132104 -132104 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32104

Abstract

Aero-engine requires maintaining high rotational speeds for warm-up operations prior to takeoff; otherwise, thrust degradation may occur during the climb-out phase. To address this issue, this study focuses on a core engine of a small-bypass-ratio turbofan and develops a fluid-thermal-solid coupling computational methodology that integrates a 1D fluid domain model with a 2D axisymmetric finite element model of the solid structure. This approach enables coupled simulation across different scales for solid domain analysis, air system evaluation, multi-component thermal analysis, and deformation prediction. Simulation results reveal that tip clearance exceeding design specifications constitutes the primary cause of thrust reduction during takeoff. Warm-up operations effectively reduce tip clearances, resulting in a 0.85% improvement in high-pressure turbine efficiency and a 0.5% enhancement in compressor efficiency. These improvements drive a maximum 0.51% increase in high-pressure rotor speed, augment core mass flow, reduce engine bypass ratio, and ultimately elevate minimum takeoff thrust by 2.4%. Further analysis demonstrates that either extending warm-up duration or increasing warm-up rotational speed can enhance takeoff thrust. However, when the warm-up speed remains below 0.75, increasing rotational speed fails to effectively reduce high-pressure turbine tip clearance. Finally, leveraging sequential quadratic programming optimization, a warm-up parameter optimization model constrained by thrust requirements is established to achieve optimal combinations of minimum warm-up time and rotational speed across various operational conditions.

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