直升机余热回收热管理新构型及应用研究

  • 罗平根 ,
  • 李彬 ,
  • 王化吉 ,
  • 李星萍 ,
  • 夏文庆
展开
  • 1. 中国直升机设计研究所
    2. 南京航空航天大学

收稿日期: 2025-03-20

  修回日期: 2025-05-27

  网络出版日期: 2025-05-30

Research on New Waste Heat Recovery Thermal Management Configurations and Applications for Helicopters

  • LUO Ping-Gen ,
  • LI Bin ,
  • WANG Hua-Ji ,
  • LI Xing-Ping ,
  • XIA Wen-Qing
Expand

Received date: 2025-03-20

  Revised date: 2025-05-27

  Online published: 2025-05-30

摘要

针对先进直升机能量利用效率提升需求和机载蒸发循环系统温度适应性不足的问题,提出基于环控-滑油系统耦合的能量管理方法。机载蒸发循环系统在冷天环境下(舱外大气温度≤-5 ℃)因制冷剂蒸发不完全导致加温失效,在热天高海拔时(舱外大气温度<+20 ℃)又频繁除霜影响座舱热舒适性。依据直升机环控系统的构型特点,开发了单冷无霜和宽温域无霜两种热管理系统构型。通过实验室验证和AMESIM仿真分析,结果显示单冷无霜热管理系统能够在直升机的整个飞行高度包线内实现无霜制冷,而宽温域无霜热管理系统则可在整个飞行高度和温度包线(舱外大气温度≥-40 ℃)内无霜制冷和加温。该研究成果使环控系统摆脱了对发动机引气的依赖,有效节省了发动机功率,验证了滑油余热回收利用技术的可行性,具有重要的工程应用价值。

本文引用格式

罗平根 , 李彬 , 王化吉 , 李星萍 , 夏文庆 . 直升机余热回收热管理新构型及应用研究[J]. 航空学报, 0 : 1 -0 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32007

Abstract

To address the need for improved energy utilization efficiency in advanced helicopters and the inadequate temperature adaptability of onboard evaporative cycle systems, an energy management system (EMS) method based on the coupling of environmental control (ECS) and lubrication oil systems (LOS) is proposed. The onboard evaporative cycle system often fails to heat effectively in cold weather conditions (outside air temperature ≤-5 ℃) due to incomplete refrigerant evaporation. In hot weather at high altitudes (outside air temperature<+20 ℃), frequent defrosting negatively impacts cabin thermal com-fort. Based on the configuration characteristics of helicopter ECS, two new thermal management system (TMS) architectures were developed: a single-cooling frost-free system and a wide-temperature-range frost-free system. Laboratory tests and AMESIM simulation analyses were conducted. The results show that the single-cooling frost-free TMS can achieve frost-free cooling throughout the entire flight altitude envelope of the helicopter, while the wide-temperature-range frost-free TMS can provide frost-free cooling and heating across the entire flight altitude and temperature envelope (outside air temperature ≥-40 ℃). This research allows the ECS to operate independently of engine bleed air, effectively saving engine power, and verifies the feasibility of stepwise utilization technology for waste heat Recovery from the LOS, demonstrating significant engineer-ing application value.

参考文献

[1]屠敏, 袁耿民, 薛飞, 等.综合热管理在先进战斗机系统研制中的应用[J].航空学报, 2020, 41(06):136-146
[2]TU M, YUAN G M, XUE F, et al.Application of integrated thermal management in development of advanced fighter system[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2020, 41(06):136-146
[3]李言青, 宣益民.直升机热管理与红外辐射特性耦合分析方法[J].航空学报, 2021, 42(03):253-274
[4]LI Y Q, XUAN Y M.Coupling analysis method for helicopter thermal management and infrared radiation characteristics[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2021, 42(03):253-274
[5]滕润航, 贺克伦, 赵甜, 等.飞行器能源与热管理系统中多能流统一建模与分析方法[J].航空学报, 2023, 44(19):117-132
[6]TENG R H, HE K L, ZHAO T, et al.Unified modeling and analysis method of multi-energy flow for aircraft energy and thermal management system[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2023, 44(19):117-132
[7]PANG L P, LUO K, YUAN Y, et al.Thermal performance of helicopter air conditioning system with lube oil source (LOS) heat pump[J]. Energy, 2020, 190:116446-116446.[J].Energy, 2020, 190(01):116446-116446
[8]PANG L P, MAO X D, LUO K.A Novel Oil Source Heat Pump Air-Conditioning System for Military Helicopters [P]. Liaoning Province: CN201910612601.0, 2023-01-17.
[9]PANG L P, MA D S, LUO K, et al.Performance of an Integrated Thermal Management System for helicopter[J]. Energy, 2022, 239(PD):[J].Energy, 2022, 239(PD):/-/
[10]邱君君, 张小松, 李玮豪.无霜空气源蒸发循环系统冬季除湿性能初步实验[J].化工学报, 2019, 470(4):1605-1613
[11]QIU J J, ZHANGX S, LI W H.Experimental research on a novel frost-free air source heat pump system[J].CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(4):1605-1613
[12]邱君君, 张小松, 李玮豪.无霜空气源蒸发循环系统冬季再生性能初步实验[J].制冷学报, 2019, 40(5):26-31
[13]QIU J J, ZHANG X S, LI W H.Experimental Research on a Frost-free Air Source Heat Pump[J].Journal of Refrigeration, 2019, 40(5):26-31
[14]李玮豪, 张小松.无霜空气源蒸发循环系统夏季运行性能初步实验[J].化工学报, 2018, 69(9):3975-3982
[15]LI W H, ZHANG X S.Experimental research on a new type of frost-free air source heat pump system[J].CIESC Journal, 2018, 69(9):3975-3982
[16]董雅洁, 李强, 张雪.平流层电子设备温度特征的仿真与试验研究[J].南京理工大学学报, 2019, 43(1):86-93
[17]DONG Y J, LI Q, ZHANG X.Numerical simulation and experiment for thermal behavior of stratospheric electronic equipment[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2019, 43(1):86-93
[18]王 瑜, 牛 潜, 康 娜等.高空机载电子设备冷却方法综述与优选[J].科学技术与工程, 2021, 21(34):14459-14470
[19]WANG Y, NIU Q, KANG N, et al.Comparison and optimization of cooling methods for airborne electronic equipment in high-altitude environment[J].Science Technology and Engineering, 2021, 21(34):14459-14470
[20]王丽娟, 刘艳峰, 刘加平等.空气温度与辐射温度不同时对人体散热的影响[J].暖通空调, 2019, 49(9):78-81
[21]WANG L J, LIU Y F, LIU J P, et al.Effects of temperature differences between air and radiation on human thermal loss[J].Journal of HV& AC, 2019, 49(9):78-81
[22]鲍和云, 侯潇男, 陆凤霞等.重型直升机前飞和悬停状态下主减速器舱流场与通风散热分析[J].中南大学学报自然科学版, 2021, 52(5):1473-1481
[23]BAO H Y, HOU X N, LU F X, et al.Analysis of flow field and ventilation and heat dissipation of main reducer cabin under condition of forward flight and hovering of heavy helicopter[J].Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2021, 52(5):1473-1481
[24]鲍和云, 范永, 朱如鹏等.无人直升机主减舱散热性能分析[J].机械科学与技术, 2019, 38(9):1327-1334
[25]BAO H Y, FAN Y, ZHU R P, et al.Analysis of Heat Dissipation Performance of Main Reducer Cabin for an Unmanned Helicopter[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering, 2019, 38(9):1327-1334
[26]刘青青, 余延顺, 贺宇.空气源热泵双蒸发器液体制冷剂交替除霜的可行性研究[J].暖通空调, 2020, 50(12):97-102
[27]LIU Q Q, YU Y S, HE Y.Feasibility study on double-evaporator air-source heat pimp systems for alternate defrosting with liquid refrigerant[J].Journal of HV& AC, 2020, 50(12):97-102
[28]邵月月, 马国远, 王月月等.多联式热泵驱动热管复合供热装置的实验研究[J].制冷学报, 2020, 41(4):32-36
[29]SHAO Y Y, MA G Y, WANG Y Y, et al.Experimental Study on Multi-connected Heat PumpHeat Pipe Heating Device[J].Journal of Refrigeration, 2020, 41(4):32-36
[30]杨艺菲, 庄大伟, 丁国良等.翅片表面涂层对结化霜除灰特性的影响[J].制冷学报, 2020, 41(5):23-28
[31]YANG Y F, ZHUANG D W, DING G L, et al.Effect of Fin Coating on Dust Removal via a Frosting-Defrosting Process[J].Journal of Refrigeration, 2020, 41(5):23-28
[32]彭孝天, 冯诗愚, 李超越, 等.制冷剂类型对机载蒸发循环系统性能影响[J].南京航空航天大学学报, 2020, 52(3):478-484
[33]PENG X T, FENG S Y, LI C Y, et al.Performance of helicopter’s vapor refrigeration system with different refrigerants[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2020, 52(3):478-484
[34]吴业正, 朱瑞琪,李新中等.制冷与低温技术原理[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2004.
[35]WU, Y Z, ZHU R Q, LI X Z, et al.Principles of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Technology [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2004(in Chinese).
[36]盛健, 张华, 吴兆林, 等.飞机环境控制系统制冷空调技术现状[J].制冷学报, 2020, 41(02):22-33
[37]SHENG J, ZHANG H, WU Z L, et al.Technology of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning for Aircraft Environment Control System r[J].Journal of Refrigeration, 2020, 41(02):22-33
[38]肖晓劲, 袁修干.直升机空气循环制冷系统方案比较[J].制冷学报, 2004, (03):56-59.[J].制冷学报, 2004, /(03):56-59
[39]XIAO X J, YUAN X G.Scheme Comparison of Air Cycle Refrigeration System on Helicopter[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2004, (03):56-59 (in Chinese).[J].Journal of Refrigeration, 2004, /(03):56-59
[40]吴希明, 牟晓伟.直升机关键技术及未来发展与设想[J].空气动力学学报, 2021, 39(3):1-10
[41]WU X M, MU X W.A perspective of the future development of key helicopter technologies[J].Acta Aerodynamic Sinica, 2021, 39(3):1-10
[42]罗坤, 毛晓东, 庞丽萍.新型直升机热泵空调系统驾驶舱热控性能[J].化工学报, 2020, 71(S1):187-193
[43]LUO K, MAO X D, PANG L P.Cockpit thermal control performance of new helicopter heat pump air conditioning system[J].CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(S1):187-193
[44]刘青青, 余延顺, 贺宇.空气源热泵双蒸发器液体制冷剂交替除霜的可行性研究[J].暖通空调, 2020, 50(12):97-103
[45]LIU Q Q, YU Y S, HE Y.Feasibility study on double evaporator air source heat pump systems for alternate defrosting with liquid refrigerant[J].Journal of HV& AC, 2020, 50(12):97-103
[46]汪琳琳, 焦鹏飞, 王伟等.新能源电动汽车低温热泵型空调系统研究[J].汽车工程, 2020, 42(12):1744-1750
[47]WANG L L, JIAO P F, WANG W, et al.Research on Low Temperature Heat Pump Air Conditioning System in New Energy Electric Vehicle[J].Automotive Engineering, 2020, 42(12):1744-1750
[48]李萍, 谷波, 缪梦华.废热回收型纯电动汽车热泵系统试验研究[J].上海交通大学学报, 2019, 53(04):468-472
[49]LI P, GU B, MIAO M H.Experimental Research on Waste-Heat Recovery Heat Pump System in Electric Vehicles[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2019, 53(04):468-472
[50]朱虹, 常莉, 王辉.AC311直升机主减滑油温度偏高故障分析与改进[J].直升机技术, 2015, (03):39-44.[J].直升机技术, 2015, 185(03):39-44
[51]ZHU H, CHANG L.WANG H. Failure Analysis and Improvement of AC311 Helicopter Main Gear Box Oil Temperature on the High Side[J]. Helicopter Technique, 2015, (03):39-44(in Chinese).[J].Helicopter Technique, 2015, 185(03):39-44
[52]杨颖, 宋岩, 陈春茂.直升机主减速器润滑油研究进展[J].石油化工高等学校学报, 2020, 33(04):14-21
[53]YANG Y, SONG Y, CHEN C M.An Overview on the Development of Lubricating Oil for Helicopter’s Main Reducer[J].Journal of Petrochemical Universities, 2020, 33(04):14-21
[54]李林蔚, 高红霞, 余建祖, 等.某直升机主减速器滑油冷却系统设计[J].直升机技术, 2008, (04):37-41.[J].直升机技术, 2008, 156(04):37-41
[55]LI L W, GAO H X, YU J Z, et al.Design of One Helicopter Decelerator Oil Cooling System [J]. Helicopter Technique, 2008, (04):37-41(in Chinese).[J].Helicopter Technique, 2008, 156(04):37-41
[56]徐折贵, 艾欣.温控阀对直升机主减速器散热系统性能的影响[J].直升机技术, 2022, (01):36-39.[J].直升机技术, 2022, 211(01):36-39
[57]XU Z G, AI X.Analysis on Temperature Control of Helicopter Main Gearbox Cooling System by Thermostat[J]. Helicopter Technique, 2022, (01):36-39(in Chinese).[J].Helicopter Technique, 2022, 211(01):36-39
[58]寿荣中, 何慧珊.飞行器环境控制[M]. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004.
[59]SHOU R Z, HE H S.Environmental Control of Aircraft[M]. Beijing: Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Press, 2004(in Chinese).
[60]雷涛, 闵志豪, 付红杰, 等.燃料电池无人机混合电源动态平衡能量管理策略[J].航空学报, 2020, 41(12):293-307
[61]LEI T, MIN Z H, FU H J, et al.Dynamic balanced energy management strategies for fuel-cell hybrid power system of unmanned air vehicle[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2020, 41(12):293-307
文章导航

/