可重构装配型架长期使用过程中易出现定位精度下降引起的不稳定问题，影响产品装配质量，有必要对其定位精度实施有效监控。传统的人工定期检查方法存在无法及时获取型架使用状态数据、难以准确而全面评估型架定位精度以及缺少系统且有效的修复方法等问题。几何约束作为型架关键点位之间的特定几何形位限制，它是型架准确定位产品的内在依据和型架定位精度保障的核心基础。为解决上述问题，本文提出并构建了一套基于几何约束的可重构装配型架修复性装调方法，该方法包括基于几何约束的型架定位精度评估、型架点位调整量计算以及基于雅可比旋量的定位器可调性判断三部分。首先，分析了为保证型架定位精度合格所需要限制的关键点位之间的几何约束集，据此评估型架的定位精度；然后，针对定位精度超差的型架，计算其点位的调整量并确定了装调目标位置；最后，基于构建表征定位器装配偏差的雅可比旋量模型判断定位器的可调性，辅助工人完成了型架修复性装调。以某壁板可重构装配型架为例进行验证，结果表明，所提方法能够准确评估型架的定位精度，有效修复定位精度超差的型架，提高了型架修复效率，从而验证了方法的可行性与有效性。

Reconfigurable assembly fixtures are prone to instability caused by a decline in positioning accuracy after prolonged use, which subsequently affects the quality of product assembly. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct effective monitoring on the positioning accuracy of such fixtures. The traditional periodic manual inspection method suffers from several limitations, including the inability to acquire real-time data on fixture usage status, difficulty in accurately evaluating fixture positioning accuracy, and the lack of systematic and effective methods for corrective adjustment. Geometric constraints, which define the specific geometric relationships among the key points of the fixture, serve as the intrinsic basis for accurate product positioning and are the core foundation for ensuring positioning accuracy. To solve the above problems, this study proposes and develops a reconfigurable assembly fixture corrective adjustment method based on geometric constraints. The method comprises three components: positioning accuracy evaluation of the fixture based on geometric constraints, calculation of point adjustment quantities, and feasibility assessment of locator adjustability using the Jacobian-Torsor model. First, the geometric constraint sets required to ensure compliant positioning accuracy of the fixture are analyzed, based on which the positioning accuracy of the fixture is evaluated. Then, for fixtures with out-of-tolerance positioning accuracy, the point adjustment quantities are calculated, and the target positions for point adjustment are determined. Finally, a Jacobian-Torsor model is constructed to characterize the assembly deviations of the locator and assess the adjustability of the locator, thereby assisting workers in completing the corrective adjustment of the fixture. A reconfigurable assembly fixture for aircraft panels is used as a case study for verification. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately evaluate the positioning accuracy of the fixture, effectively repair fixtures with excessive positioning deviation, and improve the fixture repair efficiency, thereby verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.