随着低空空域的逐步放开以及低空经济的高速发展，无人航空器的数量将呈现指数增长。无人机的位置信息是保障飞行安全和业务效率的基础，因此，多个国家及地区的航空监管机构颁布了无人机远程识别（Remote ID）规定，要求无人机定期通过无线信道明文广播无人机标识符和当前位置等信息。尽管强制广播位置信息有助于优化空域资源分布以及提升业务效率，但明文广播位置信息使得恶意用户能够获取轨迹信息并跟踪无人机，可能导致无人机被捕获和敏感信息的隐私泄露等严重后果。针对此问题，本文研究适用于Remote ID的无人机位置隐私保护机制，提出一种基于差分隐私的位置混淆方案，通过广播混淆位置而不是实际位置来实现对无人机位置信息的隐私保护，同时保障混淆位置的可用性。本文最后评估了基于混淆位置的隐私保护方法在两个涉及无人机位置的用例中的效用，揭示了在下一代符合Remote ID规范的无人机生态系统中，位置隐私与位置效用之间的权衡机理。
With the growing applications in the low-altitude airspace, the amount of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) dramatically grows. The locations of UAVs are essential for ensuring flight safety and task efficiency. Consequently, aviation regulatory authorities in various countries and regions have issued Remote Identification (Remote ID) regulations, requiring UAVs to periodically broadcast their identifiers and positions in plain text via wireless channels. Although positions of UAVs aids in optimizing air-space resource allocation and enhancing task efficiency, it allows malicious users to obtain trajectory information and track UAVs, potentially leading to severe consequences such as the capture of UAVs and the leakage of sensitive information. This paper proposes a location privacy protection mechanism for Remote ID based UAV system. The scheme achieves privacy protec-tion for UAVs’ location information by broadcasting obfuscated positions instead of actual locations, while ensuring the utility of the obfuscated data. Finally, we evaluate the effectiveness of the privacy protection method in two use cases involving UAV locations, uncovering the trade-off mechanism between location privacy and utility in the next generation of UAV ecosystems with Remote ID regulations.
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