吸气式电推进系统进气道性能数值研究与可行性分析
收稿日期: 2024-11-25
修回日期: 2024-12-12
录用日期: 2024-12-30
网络出版日期: 2025-01-07
Numerical investigation of inlet performance of an atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion system and its feasibility analysis
Received date: 2024-11-25
Revised date: 2024-12-12
Accepted date: 2024-12-30
Online published: 2025-01-07
针对上层大气层吸气式电推进系统进气道的宽范围设计难题，采用直接模拟Monte Carlo方法对进气道内部流动问题进行了系统的数值模拟，考虑进气道几何外形和气固相互作用（GSI）的影响，从气体动理论的角度阐明了其作用机理，并开展了进气道的性能评估和可行性分析。结果表明，对于GSI为完全漫反射的情形，内凹型进气道的汇聚作用导致其气体压力和质量通量最大，且高压区域最靠近电离加速段；内凸型的发散作用导致其气体压力和质量通量最小，且高压区远离电离加速段。对于GSI适应系数σ为0.5的情形，由于气体分子在内凹型压缩段类抛物面发生镜面反射后的汇聚作用，压缩比和质量通量在电离加速段的类焦点位置存在局部峰值。GSI适应系数的降低能明显提高进气道的压缩性能和收集性能，σ从1降低到0.5导致电离加速段的压缩比升高85%~125%，收集效率增大55%~77%。无论GSI为完全漫反射还是部分漫反射部分镜面反射，内凹型进气道的压缩性能和收集性能最好，在电离效率和排气速度的合理假设下，对于180 km的飞行高度，适应系数σ=0.5的内凹型进气道产生的推力大于阻力，因此在概念上是可行的。
苏鹏辉 , 刘奕豪 , 靳旭红 , 程晓丽 . 吸气式电推进系统进气道性能数值研究与可行性分析[J]. 航空学报, 2025 , 46(16) : 131569 -131569 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.31569
To achieve a wide-range design for the inlet of the atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion system operating in the upper atmosphere， a comprehensive numerical analysis is performed to investigate gas flows inside the inlet using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. The effects of inlet geometry and Gas-Surface Interaction （GSI） model on flow features and compression and collection performances are considered， and the underlying physical mechanism is interpreted based on the gas kinetic theory.Results show that when the GSI is completely diffuse reflection， the converging effect induced by the concave inlet leads to a larger gas pressure and mass flux and a high-pressure region closest to the ionization section， while the diverging effect caused by the convex inlet results in a smaller gas pressure and mass flux and a high-pressure region far from the ionization section. When the GSI accommodation coefficient σ=0.5， both the gas pressure and mass flux achieve their local peak values at some locations in the ionization section. The underlying mechanism behind the phenomena is that after reflecting in a specular manner from the concave surface similar to a paraboloid， gas molecules congregate at the focus and enter the ionization section. The drop of GSI accommodation coefficient from 1 to 0.5 brings about a considerable increase in the compression factor and collection efficiency， achieving a rate of increase of 85%-125% and 55%-77%， respectively. For the cases of completely and partially diffuse reflections， the concave inlet has the best compression and collection performances. It can be assumed that with reasonable ionization efficiency and exhaust velocity， the concave inlet with a GSI accommodation coefficient of 0.5 can produce a thrust larger than atmospheric drag at the altitude of 180 km. Therefore， this inlet design is feasible in concept.
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