随着航空航天技术的快速发展，未来航天器对结构、性能和功能的要求愈加严苛，轻量化、高强度、具备多功能和多模态变形能力的材料设计成为关键需求。折纸超材料因其独特的几何设计和力学特性，已经成为航空航天领域的研究热点，这类材料通过精密折叠结构，结合现代数学建模与材料科学，实现可调控变形、轻量化、易展开与回缩等优势。在航天领域，折纸超材料不仅应用于可展开结构，如天线、太阳能帆板等，还在减震、吸能、防护等方面展现出潜力。折纸超材料的可编程几何特性赋予航天器自适应变形能力，能够应对太空环境中的外部压力和温度变化，提升结构可靠性与寿命，并有效降低发射成本。本文综述了折纸超材料的特性、设计方法、制造技术及应用，探讨其在航空航天中的发展趋势与未来研究方向。

With the rapid development of aerospace technology, the demands for the structure, performance, and functionality of future spacecraft are becoming increasingly stringent. The design of lightweight, high-strength materials with multifunctionality and multimodal变形 capabilities has become a key requirement. Origami metamaterials, with their unique geometric designs and mechanical properties, have become a research hotspot in the field of aerospace. These materials achieve adjustable deformation, lightweight, easy deployment and retraction through precise folding structures, combined with modern mathematical modeling and material science. In the field of aerospace, origami metamaterials are not only applied to deployable structures such as antennas and solar panels but also show potential in shock absorption, energy absorption, and protection. The programmable geometric characteristics of origami metamaterials endow spacecraft with the ability to adapt to deformation, capable of dealing with external pressures and temperature changes in the space environment, enhancing structural reliability and lifespan, and effectively reducing launch costs. This article reviews the characteristics, design methods, manufacturing techniques, and applications of origami metamaterials, and discusses their development trends and future research directions in aerospace.