无人机液氢燃料电池热管理系统仿真研究

虞翔宇; 李文; 严杰; 梁世哲

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.30964

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.30964

无人机液氢燃料电池热管理系统仿真研究

虞翔宇 ,
李文 ,
严杰 ,
梁世哲

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航空工业成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司

收稿日期: 2024-07-18

修回日期: 2024-11-01

网络出版日期: 2024-11-04

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Simulation research on thermal management system of fuel cell for liquid hydrogen powered UAV

YU Xiang-Yu ,
LI Wen ,
YAN Jie ,
LIANG Shi-Zhe

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Received date: 2024-07-18

Revised date: 2024-11-01

Online published: 2024-11-04

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摘要

燃料电池无人机具有长航时、低红外辐射和绿色低碳等特点，是新型无人机的重要发展方向。针对于无人机燃料电池热管理系统散热量大、散热温差小和热不匹配问题，提出了一种基于液氢存储的无人机燃料电池热管理系统方案和控制策略。该热管理系统充分利用了液氢冷能对燃料电池进行散热，有效解决了燃料电池无人机飞行过程中的热不匹配问题，为无人机液氢燃料电池热管理系统的设计和优化提供了新思路。基于本文建立的液氢无人机热管理系统，对典型无人机飞行工况下的热管理系统工作过程进行了仿真研究，结果表明：（1）基于所研究的无人机平台，所建立的液氢无人机燃料电池热管理系统，在全飞行剖面内可以有效实现燃料电池温度控制。其中电堆出口最高温70℃，最低温14.6℃，巡航阶段温度可以稳定在65℃，且液氢储罐压力稳定控制在0.5MPa±0.04MPa。（2）在全机热载荷最大的无人机爬升阶段引入消耗性氢热沉，可以有效提高系统散热能力，防止爬升过程冷却液超温气化；也可以降低引气面积过大导致的冷却液冻结风险。（3）在热管理系统最低温度一致的前提下，乙二醇水溶液比水携带质量更少，距离凝固点的温差更大，凝固风险更低，但爬升阶段液氢消耗量更多。（4）基于仿真计算结果，提出了液氢消耗量-冷却液质量计算模型，对热管理系统优化设计具有重要的指导意义。

关键词： 液氢无人机; 氢燃料电池; 热管理系统; 仿真建模; 动态分析

本文引用格式

虞翔宇 , 李文 , 严杰 , 梁世哲 . 无人机液氢燃料电池热管理系统仿真研究[J]. 航空学报, 0 : 0 -0 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.30964

Abstract

With advantages as long endurance, low infrared radiation, low carbon and so on, the fuel cell powered unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has become a promising technology for future UAV designs. Considering the high heat loads and small temperature differ-ence during heat exchange, the present study develops a thermal management system and the corresponding control strategy of fuel cell for liquid hydrogen powered UAV. Utilizing the cold energy of liquid hydrogen for fuel cell cooling, the proposed thermal man-agement system effectively provides a new idea for the future design and optimization of UAV thermal management. Based on the proposed thermal management system, simulation research is conducted according to typical flight phases and the capability of ther-mal management system is validated. The results indicate that: (1) Based on the developed thermal management model, the tempera-ture of fuel cell is effectively controlled for each flight phase. The maximum and minimum outlet temperature of the liquid coolant is 70 ℃ and 14.6 ℃, respectively. The liquid coolant temperature at the fuel cell outlet can be maintained at 65 ℃ during cruise. Meanwhile, the internal pressure of liquid hydrogen tank is stably maintained at 0.5 MPa±0.04 MPa. (2) For the takeoff phase which the heat loads reach the maximum value, the expendable hydrogen is applied as heat sink for thermal management. This meth-od can reduce the air intake area, subsequently avoid the liquid coolant freezing at high altitude. (3) Under the premise of consistent minimum temperature in the thermal management system, ethylene glycol aqueous solution carries less mass than water, has a greater temperature difference between the solidification point that has lower solidification risk, but consumes more liquid hydrogen during the climbing phase. (4) Based on the simulation results, the prediction model is proposed for the mass of consumed liquid hydrogen during takeoff. The model has an important significance in optimal design of fuel cell thermal management system for UAV.

Key words： liquid hydrogen powered UAV; PEMFC; thermal management; numerical simulation; dynamic analysis

参考文献

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