随着我国低空经济的快速发展和“十四五”综合交通运输体系的规划需要，未来低空运输将逐步成为一种重要的交通运输方式。然而，目前我国低空空域尚未完全开放，与之密切相关的空域规划和航迹规划研究还处于起步阶段，难以满足快速发展的低空需求。因此，必须根据低空空域特点建立科学完善的低空空域规划和航迹规划方法理论体系。本文首先针对低空空域基本特征，对国内外低空空域规划限制因素、空域划设和航迹规划等研究进行系统性归纳和分析，总结评述了现有低空空域规划和航迹规划方面的研究成果和诸多不足，揭示了相关研究的共性问题所在；其次，结合我国低空发展现状，分析了采用块状或管道空域划设方法的可能性，并提出了由航迹到航迹簇再到航迹网络的发展路线和加速技术融合进行空域基础设施创新的发展思路；最后，提出了未来低空空域规划和航迹规划需关注的重点内容：一是考虑环境和社会因素为核心进行空域规划；二是探索空域划设分阶段、复合型划设策略和特殊区域规划方法；三是针对多样化运行场景，设计航迹规划泛用快速算法。

With the rapid development of China’s low-altitude economy and the planning requirements outlined in the “14th Five-Year Plan”, low-altitude transportation is expected to become a significant mode of transport. However, the current low-altitude airspace in China remains largely undeveloped and not fully open. As a result, related studies on airspace and trajectory planning are still in their early stages, which hampers the ability to meet the surging demand for low-altitude operations. Therefore, it is essential to establish a robust and comprehensive theoretical framework for airspace and trajectory planning that reflects the unique characteristics of low-altitude environments. This paper begins by examining the fundamental characteristics of low-altitude airspace and systematically reviews research on the limitations of low-altitude airspace planning, airspace designation, and trajectory planning both domestically and internationally. It critiques existing findings, identifies gaps in current research, and highlights common challenges in the field. Next, the paper assesses the feasibility of employing block or tube airspace designation methods in the context of China’s current low-altitude development. It proposes a developmental trajectory that evolves from individual trajectories to trajectory clusters and ultimately to trajectory networks, emphasizing the need for accelerated technological integration to innovate airspace infrastructure. Finally, this paper outlines three key elements that future low-altitude airspace and trajectory planning should prioritize: first, incorporating environmental and social factors as central elements in airspace planning; second, exploring phased airspace designation, composite designation strategies, and specialized planning methods; and third, designing generalized fast algorithms for trajectory planning to accommodate diverse operational scenarios.