高速开关式数字阀是航空液压系统核心控制元件之一，直接关乎飞行器的性能与运行安全。响应时间是数字阀首要指标，通过提高激励电压可以有效改善动态特性，但容易造成过多能量消耗和温升，进而带来电磁力等多方面性能退化，甚至出现匝间击穿、烧毁等安全事故。针对以上问题提出了一种新型 低功耗数字阀。在磁路中引入永磁体，利用永磁体的磁场维持工作状态，仅在启闭过程激励瞬时电压，从而降低阀的功耗，以减弱数字阀高响应与低温升之间的设计矛盾。在此基础上，分别建立了永磁体磁场和电磁场混合励磁下低功耗数字阀的理论模型和有限元模型，研究了关键参数对其电磁特性、动态特性和能耗特性影响。最后，搭建了数字阀试验台，对仿真模型及分析结果进行验证。试验表明，与搭配先进控制方法的传统数字阀相比，低功耗数字阀启闭响应时间分别缩短49.3%和35.6%，流量可控区间扩展20%。大占空比下，低功耗数字阀温升最高降低40 ℃，且温升不受占空比影响，低功耗数字阀对提升航空液压系统性能及安全性具重要意义。

The high-speed switching digital valve is a critical control component in aviation hydraulic systems， directly impacting aircraft performance and operational safety. The response time serves as the primary indicator for evaluating digital valves. By enhancing the excitation voltage， the dynamic characteristics can be effectively improved， but this can lead to excessive energy consumption and temperature rise， resulting in performance degradation such as reduction in electromagnetic force and even safety accidents like breakdowns or burns. To solve these issues， a novel low-power digital valve was proposed to incorporate a permanent magnet into the magnetic circuit. This design allows the valve to maintain its working state using its magnetic field while instantaneous voltage excitation only occurs during opening and closing processes to reduce power consumption. This approach helps alleviate the design contradiction between high response speed and low temperature rise of digital valves. Based on this concept， the theoretical models and finite element models were established for low-power digital valves under hybrid excitation from both permanent magnet magnetic fields and electromagnetic fields respectively. The influence of key parameters are studied on electromagnetic characteristics， dynamic characteristics， and energy consumption characteristics. Finally， the test bench for digital valves were constructed to verify simulation model and analysis results. The test results demonstrate that compared to the traditional digital valve with advanced control method， the low-power digital valve exhibits a 49.3% reduction in opening response time， a 35.6% reduction in closing response time， and a 20% extension of the flow controllable range. Additionally， under high duty cycle conditions， the temperature rise of the low-power digital valve can be reduced by up to 40 ℃ without being affected by the duty cycle. Therefore， the implementation of low-power digital valves holds significant importance for enhancing aviation hydraulic system performance and safety.