陶瓷基复合材料反应熔渗过程多场建模与仿真
收稿日期: 2024-05-22
修回日期: 2024-06-24
录用日期: 2024-07-03
网络出版日期: 2024-07-11
基金资助
国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3707700);陕西省航天复合材料重点实验室开放基金(ZX20220525)
Multi-field modeling and simulation of reactive infiltration process of ceramic matrix composites
Received date: 2024-05-22
Revised date: 2024-06-24
Accepted date: 2024-07-03
Online published: 2024-07-11
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3707700);Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Aerospace Composite Materials Open Fund(ZX20220525)
陶瓷基复合材料结合了碳材料与陶瓷材料的性能优势，成为航空航天领域重要的热结构材料。反应熔体渗透法是制备陶瓷基复合材料的主要工艺，其过程是高温熔体通过毛细作用进入多孔碳预制体中，与碳基体发生化学反应生成陶瓷相并嵌入孔隙中，从而实现高效致密化。但由于熔渗过程伴随着高温高活性、短时剧烈的热物理化学相互作用，使得实验观察、工艺参数调控充满挑战。基于反应熔渗工艺特性，考虑不同孔道之间的窜通特性，区别单孔结构与双孔结构的预制体微结构特征，构建更接近真实预制体孔隙结构的反应熔渗多物理场模型，模型预测温度值与实验值的误差在3%以内，同时在反应前期的熔渗深度预测值与实验值的误差在3%以内，整体预测精度远优于Washburn方程及其修正形式；讨论了孔隙结构模式对反应熔渗过程温度分布、反应速率分布的影响，发现双孔结构模式更有利于反应性熔体的渗入。提供了一种多孔碳介质内反应性熔体渗透过程的多物理场耦合方法，为陶瓷基复合材料反应熔渗工艺优化提供了理论依据。
师艳 , 刘晗 , 赵彤彤 , 代吉祥 , 沙建军 . 陶瓷基复合材料反应熔渗过程多场建模与仿真[J]. 航空学报, 2025 , 46(3) : 430722 -430722 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.30722
Ceramic matrix composites combine the performance advantages of carbon materials and ceramic materials， making them an important thermal structural material in the aerospace field. The reactive melt permeation method is the main process for the preparation of ceramic matrix composites， in which the high-temperature melt enters the porous carbon preform through capillary action， and the chemical reaction with the carbon matrix is formed into the ceramic phase and embedded in the pores， so as to achieve efficient densification. However， due to the high temperature， high activity and short-term intense thermophysicochemical interactions in the infiltration process， it is challenging to observe the experiment and control the process parameters. Based on the characteristics of the reactive infiltration process， we consider the channeling characteristics between different pores， and distinguishes the microstructure characteristics of the precast with single-pore model and two-pores model. A multiphysics model of reactive infiltration is constructed that is closer to the pore structure of the real preform. The model predicts temperature values with an error margin less than 3% compared to experimental values， and the error between the predicted value and the experimental value in the early stage of the reaction within 3%. Overall， the prediction accuracy is far better than that of the Washburn equation and its modified form. Finally， the influence of the pore structure mode on the temperature distribution and reaction rate distribution of the reactive infiltration process is discussed， and it is found that the two-pores structure mode is more conducive to the infiltration of reactive melts. This study provides a multiphysics coupling method for the permeation process of reactive melt in porous carbon media， which provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of the reactive infiltration process of ceramic matrix composites.
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