针对空气静压轴承涡激振动问题，以圆盘型小孔节流空气静压轴承为研究对象，基于涡流激振原理和振荡流体力学理论，分析了气膜的动态特性和流体激振稳定性；采用平面流函数分析了三维气旋涡量分布特征；最后利用实验测试及理论研究相结合的方法分析了载荷分布对气浮轴承微振动特性的影响规律。研究发现：空气静压轴承的微振动本质上是气膜流场内的非定常流动引起的涡旋和壁面之间的耦合作用，即压力脉动和涡量分布决定的。轴承表面的载荷分布情况直接决定气膜高度方向的压力梯度和能量转化趋势；供气压力和气膜厚度的改变直接影响气膜内总能量输入和流动过程中能量损耗及转化形式。
To solve the problem of vortex-induced vibration of aerostatic bearings, the disc small hole throttled aerostatic pressure bearing is taken as the research object. Based on the principle of vortex excitation and the theory of oscillatory fluid mechanics, the dynamic characteristics and fluid induced vibration stability of gas films are examined. Analysis of the characteristics of three-dimensional cyclonic vorticity distribution is then conducted using the plane flow function. Finally, the influence of offset load on the micro-vibration characteristics of air bearings is explored by means of numerical simulation and experimental tests. The study reveals that the micro vibration of aerostatic bearings is essentially the coupling between the vortex and the wall caused by unstable flow in the film flow field. Specifically, it is determined by pressure pulsation and vorticity distribution. Load distribution on the bearing surface directly determines the pressure gradient and energy conversion trend in the direction of the film height. The change of gas supply pressure and film thickness directly affects energy loss and conversion form in the process of total energy input and flow in the gas film.
[1] WEN Z P, WU J W, TAN J B. An adaptive modeling method for multi-throttle aerostatic thrust bearing[J]. Tribology International, 2019.
[2] MAAMARI N, KREBS A, WEIKERT S, et al. Stability and dynamics of an orifice based aerostatic bearing with a compliant back plate[J]. Tribology International, 2019, 138:279-296.
[3] 龙威, 王继尧, 李法社, 等. 空气静压止推轴承自激微振动数值分析及实验研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2019, 38(16):224-232. LONG W, WANG J Y, LI F S, et al. Numerical analysis and experimental research on self-excited micro-vibration of aerostatic thrust bearings[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2019, 38(16):224-232(in Chinese).
[4] 杜建军, 刘墩, 张国庆,等.带有圆周方向均压槽的静压气体止推轴承的气锤自激[J]. 润滑与密封, 2010, 35(1):9-12. DU J J, LIU T, ZHANG G Q, et al. Study of self-excited vibration for externally pressurized gas thrust bearing with circumferential groove[J]. Lubrication Engineering, 2010, 35(1):9-12(in Chinese).
[5] 薛义璇, 陆金生, 侯志勇. 基于Fluent的小孔节流式空气静压轴承特性研究[J]. 自动化与仪表, 2019, 34(4):70-74. XUE Y X, LU J S, HOU Z Y, et al. Investigation on characteristics of orifice-type aerostatic bearing based on fluent[J]. Automation & Instrumentation, 2019, 34(4):70-74(in Chinese).
[6] 黄泽中, 尹洋, 李佳,等. 气体静压高速电主轴稳定性研究[J]. 现代机械, 2018(1):1-6. HUANG Z Z, YIN Y, LI J, et al. Study on the stability of high-speed aerostatic motorized spindle[J]. Modern Machinery, 2018(1):1-6(in Chinese).
[7] 刘暾. 圆盘形平面止推气体轴承的气锤自激[C]//2008年中国空间科学学会空间机电与空间光学专业委员会学术年会论文集, 2008:64-67. LIU T. Air hammer self-excitation of disc-shaped planar thrust gas bearing[C]//2008 Annual Meeting of the Space Electromechanical and Space Optics Committee of the Chinese Academy of Space Sciences, 2008:64-67(in Chinese).
[8] MAJUMDAR B C, SINGH K C. Analysis of aerostatic thrust bearings with offset load[J]. International Journal of Machine Tool Design & Research, 1973, 13(2):65-76.
[9] SINGH K C, RAO N S. Static characteristics of aerostatic porous rectangular thrust bearings with offset load[J]. Journal of Lubrication Technology, 1983, 105(1):143-146.
[10] RAO N S. Analysis of aerostatic porous rectangular thrust bearings with offset loads[J]. Wear, 1980, 59(2):333-344.
[11] AL-BENDER F, BRUSSEL H V. Tilt characteristics of circular centrally fed aerostatic bearings[J]. Tribology International, 1992, 25(3):189-197.
[12] NAKAMURA T, YOSHIMOTO S. Static tilt characteristics of aerostatic rectangular double-pad thrust bearings with compound restructures[J]. Tribology International, 1996, 29(2):145-152.
[13] NAKAMURA T, YOSHIMOTO S. Static tilt characteristics of aerostatic rectangular double-pad thrust bearings with double row admissions[J]. Tribology International, 1997, 30(8):605-611.
[14] AL-BENDER F, BRUSSEL H V. Tilt characteristics of circular centrally fed aerostatic bearings[J]. Tribology International, 1992, 25(3):189-197.
[15] ANDRES S L A. Analysis of hydrostatic journal bearings with end seals[J]. Journal of Tribology, 1992, 114(4):802-811.
[16] NAKAMURA T, YOSHIMOTO S. Static tilt characteristics of aerostatic rectangular double-pad thrust bearings with double row admissions[J]. Tribology International, 1997, 30(8):605-611.
[17] LONG W, DENG M M. Study on tilt properties of orifice-compensated aerostatic thrust bearings[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2012, 605-607:1492-1495.
[18] YOSHIMOTO S, TAMURA J, NAKAMURA T. Dynamic tilt characteristics of aerostatic rectangular double-pad thrust bearings with compound restrictors[J]. Tribology International, 1999, 32(12):731-738.
[19] JIANG S, YANG S, YIN Z,et al. Static and dynamic characteristics of externally pressurized annular porous gas thrust bearings[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineerings Part J-Journal of Engineeving Tribology, 2016, 230(10):1221-1230.
[20] MAJUMDAR B C. Dynamic characteristics of externally pressurized rectangular porous gas thrust bearings[J]. Journal of Tribology, 1976, 98(1):141.
[21] XU C, JIANG S. Dynamic analysis of a motorized spindle with externally pressurized air bearings[J]. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, 2015, 137(4):041001.
[22] 龙威. 平面空气静压轴承承载特性研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2010:15-19. LONG W. Study on loading characteristics of orifice compensated aerostatic thrust bearing[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology, 2010:15-19(in Chinese).
[23] 裴浩, 龙威, 杨少华,等. 空气静压轴承微振动形成机理分析[J]. 振动与冲击, 2018, 37(5):71-78. PEI H, LONG W, YANG S H, et al. Formation mechanism of micro-vibration in aerostatic bearings[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2018, 37(5):71-78(in Chinese).
CJA