依据空中交通管理与航班运行规则,采用复杂网络理论构建由机场、航路与管制扇区组成的相依网络模型,建立不同扰动策略的影响规则,提出以网络流量熵和交通流损失比变化率为指标识别网络功能脆弱性。并以网络总流量熵最小为目标,建立基于改进遗传算法的网络流量协调分配策略,以降低空中交通相依网络的脆弱性。以民航华北地区空域为原型,发现了其相依网络脆弱性表现规律和脆弱源,采用遗传算法求解网络流量分配方案,优化结果降低了网络总熵值和功能脆弱性,其中机场网络流量分配后效果最为显著,验证了方法的有效性,研究结果可为空中流量管理决策提供一定的理论支撑。
According to rules of air traffic management and flight operation, a dependent network model is constructed with airports, routes, and control sectors based on the complex network theory. The influence rules of different disturbance strategies are established. A method for identifying network functional vulnerability by changing rate of network flow entropy and flow loss rate is proposed. In order to reduce the vulnerability of air traffic dependent networks, a coordinated network traffic allocation algorithm based on the improved genetic algorithm is proposed, which takes the minimum total network traffic entropy as the objective function. Taking the airspace in North China as the prototype, the vulnerability occurrence rules and causative factors of the dependent network are identified. Based on this, the genetic algorithm is adopted to obtain the best flow allocation, and the optimized results effectively reduced the functional vulnerability and the total network traffic entropy. Among them, the effect of airport network traffic allocation is the most remarkable, verifying the effectiveness of the method. The research results can provide theoretical support for air traffic management decision-making.
[1] GAO J X, BULDYREV S V, et al. Networks formed from interdependent networks[J]. Nature Physics, 2011, 8(1):40-48.
[2] HAVLIN S, KENETT D Y, BASHAN A, et al. Vulnerability of network of networks[J]. European Physical Journal Special Topics, 2014, 223, 2087-2106.
[3] MICHAEL M D, LOUIS M S, AMIR B, et al. Vulnerability of interdependent networks and networks of networks[M]. Interconnected Networks. Berlin:Springer International Publishing, 2016:79-99.
[4] PAN T Y, KUHNLE A, LI X, et al. Vulnerability of interdependent networks with heterogeneous cascade models and timescales[C]//IEEE 38th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems. Piscataway, NJ:IEEE Press, 2018:290-299.
[5] 张勇,屠宁雯,陶骏杰.道路交通网络脆弱性动态辨识方法[J].交通运输工程学报, 2014, 14(5):74-81. ZHANG Y, TU N W, TAO J J. Identification method of dynamic road traffic network vulnerability[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2014, 14(5):74-81(in Chinese).
[6] 王兴隆,潘维煌,赵末.空中交通相依网络的脆弱性研究[J].航空学报, 2018, 39(12):322235. WANG X L, PAN W H, ZHAO M. Vulnerability of air traffic interdependent network[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2018, 39(12):322235(in Chinese).
[7] 谭鑫,罗研彬.具恢复机制的相依电力-信息网络连锁故障传播[J].吉首大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 139(3):50-56. TAN X, LUO Y B. Cascading gailure propagation of the interdependent power-information Network with recovery mechanism[J]. Journal of Jishou University (Nature Science Edition), 2018, 139(3):50-56(in Chinese).
[8] 李航,胡小兵.一种改进的民用航空网络空间脆弱性模型[J].交通运输系统工程与信息, 2018, 18(4):202-208. LI H, HU X B. An improved spatial vulnerability model for civil aviation network[J]. Journal of Transportation System Engineering and Information Technology, 2018, 18(4):202-208(in Chinese).
[9] 齐雁楠,高经东.空域扇区网络级联失效抗毁性及优化策略研究[J].航空学报, 2018, 39(12):322579. QI Y N, GAO J D. Cascading failure invulnerability and optimization strategy of airspace sector network[J]. Acta Aeronautica of Astronautica Sinica, 2018, 39(12):322579(in Chinese).
[10] 张钰梅.城市轨道交通路网客流拥挤传播特性及疏解策略研究[D].北京:北京交通大学, 2015. ZHANG Y M. Studies on passenger congestion propagation properties and solving strategies of urban rail transit network[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University, 2015(in Chinese).
[11] 焦轩.城市轨道交通突发客流传播特性及客流控制措施研究[D].北京:北京交通大学, 2016. JIAO X. The congestion propagation rules and coordinated inflow control method for urban rail transit network[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University, 2016(in Chinese).
[12] ZHANG J H, ZHAO M W, LIU H K, et al. Networked characteristics of the urban rail transit networks[J]. Physica A:Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2013, 392(6):1538-1546.
[13] HUANG Y R, YANG L X, TANG T, et al. Joint train scheduling optimization with service quality and energy efficiency in urban rail transit networks[J]. Energy, 2017, 138(1):1124-1147.
[14] 付丹龙.基于负载重分配策略的相依网络级联失效控制研究[D].广州:暨南大学, 2017. FU D L. Cascade failure control research of dependency network based on the strategy of load redistribution[D]. Guangzhou:Jinan University, 2017(in Chinese).
[15] ASTASHEV M G, PANFILOV D I, RASHITOV P A, et al. Automated control unit of power flow in intellectual electricity distribution network[C]//Proceedings of the Scientific-Practical Conference"Research and Development-2016",2016:159-164.
[16] POSTMAN J,KRISHNA T. SWIFT:A low-power network-on-chip implementing the token flow control router architecture with swing-reduced interconnects[J]. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration Systems, 2013, 21(8):1432-1446.
[17] 赵嶷飞.管制区短期空中交通流量管理的时隙-航线分配模型及算法[J].航空学报, 2009, 30(1):121-126. ZHAO Y F. Time-route assignment model and algorithm for short-term area traffic flow management[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2009, 30(1):121-126(in Chinese).
[18] 田勇.空中交通流量管理关键技术研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学, 2009. TIAN Y. Research on key technologies of air traffic flow management[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009(in Chinese).
[19] KISTAN T, GARDI A, SABATINI R, et al. An evolutionary outlook of air traffic flow management techniques[J]. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2017, 88:15-42.
[20] ZHANG Y C, SU R, LI Q, et al. Distributed flight routing and scheduling in air traffic flow management[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2017,18(10):2681-2692.
[21] CAI K Q, ZHANG J, XIAO M M, et al. Simultaneous optimization of airspace congestion and flight delay in air traffic network flow management[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2017, 18(11):3072-3082.
[22] IVANOV N, NETJASOV F, JOVANOVIC R, et al. Air traffic flow management slot allocation to minimize propagated delay and improve airport slot adherence[J]. Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice, 2017, 95:183-197.
[23] 王淑良.基于复杂网络理论的基础设施系统脆弱性分析[D].武汉:华中科技大学, 2013. WNAG S L. Vulnerability analysis of infrastructure system based on complex network theory[D]. Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2013(in Chinese).